2017 34th International Conference on Machine Learning. California Privacy Statement, The unreasonable effectiveness of deep features as a perceptual metric. This is an This is an 2019. p. 23322341, Zhang P, Zhang B, Chen D, Yuan L, Wen F. Cross-domain correspondence learning for exemplar-based image translation. Since the hand-drawn and computer-drawn images differ in color and detail, there is no duplication problem, so the two are finally combined to get a total of 1782 raw data. The 25-stringed se zither, with movable bridges, and the seven-stringed qin, with permanent upper and lower bridges (like a piano), were well known for solo music in ancient times. Taking the classification accuracy of the original datasets as the standard, we find that the classification accuracy of the images generated by CoCosNET is closest to the classification accuracy of the dataset (real images) and is the highest among the research methods in this paper. Kanadahon Chushingura (Treasury of Loyal Retainers) - A jidaimono based on the famous tale of the 47 Ronin, a true story about a band of samurai who avenge their murdered masters death before committing ritual suicide. Literally, kabuki means the art of song and dance, but performances extend well beyond these two elements. 2020;2020:2. 3). \({\mathbf{x}}_{{\text{A}}}\) and \({\mathbf{x}}_{{\text{B}}}\) are pairs of images semantically aligned in domain A and domain B. Then the sample images are distorted. Google Scholar. (6) can be directly back-propagated to the generator. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. Patch-based discriminative feature learning for unsupervised person re-identification. 2021. p. 364368. The micro-enhancement method is to randomly transform the data by using the micro-forward diffusion process and inject the instance noise. Songs may be performed by one or many singers (utakata) at a time, and are usually accompanied by a shamisen, a type of Japanese lute. 5. Finally, adult men began performing, taking up the roles of both males and females as their predecessors had. In the experiment of this paper, the model can accurately find the semantic correspondence information between the Peking opera facial masks sketches and the color reference images. The Shochiku Theater is one of the most famous traveling kabuki troupes. Tang H, Liu H, Sebe N. Unified generative adversarial networks for controllable image-to-image translation. The three data enhancement methods which are studied in this paper, including two display data enhancement (APA and ADA) and one microscopic data enhancement (Diffusion-GAN), can produce images that are difficult to distinguish between true and false. Warriors wear 'Kao' as a kind of armor. The conception of a sliding scale of vocalization creates a sense of smooth continuity between songs and speech. Suc Cultural Peking-opera performers use four main skills. The first two are song and speech. The third is dance-acting. This includes pure dance, pantomime, and all other types of dance. The final skill is combat, which includes both acrobatics and fighting with all manner of weaponry. Wang M, Yang GY, Li R, Liang RZ, Zhang SH, Hall PM, Hu SM. They only have the rough features of Peking opera facial masks and cannot be used as usable images. Osakas kabuki theater is the Shochikuza Theater, first opened in 1923. In this paper, the Peking opera facial masks in the original dataset are classified into seven categories according to different primary colors. Natori Shunsen, 1951, Nakamura Utaemon VI playing Hanako in Musume Dojoji. Therefore, the generated images are more similar to the real images, but the price is that the diversity of the generated images will be reduced. 2019. p. 24122421. Refer your answer on the Discussion par Choreographed fighting can be hand-to-hand or use swords. This includes conventions of movement, which are used to signal particular actions to the audience. Theres perhaps little point in digging into the world of kabuki without being able to understand the plays themselves. The lower the LPIPS score, the less the difference between the images. WebFree download peking opera vectors files in editable .ai .eps .svg format Premium quality Free for commercial use Free & easy download unlimit Update daily. The movements differ based on the character: onnagata (female characters) flow daintily while doki (comedic characters) bounce jauntily. In Peking opera, the main accent is made on how the actor is moving or dancing on the stage. With proper learning, it is possible to obtain \({\mathbf{y}}_{{\text{B}}}\) by transforming into A domain. However, emotions like revenge and love often get in the way of familial and other duties, creating the central conflict of most plays. The image cross-domain communication network can accurately correspond to the semantic relationship between Peking opera facial masks sketches and color references so that the generated images will have the characteristics of real Peking opera facial masks. Yotsuya Kaidan (The Ghost Story of Yotsuya) Another work of ghostly fiction, Yotsuya Kaidan is a classic tale of revenge from beyond the grave told in five acts. In addition to Izumo no Okuni, the founding performer priestess, many key players shaped modern Japanese kabuki. Visual comparison of generated images. Along with the colors, the obvious beauty, or equal lack of it, is also an indication of the character's disposition. IEEE. JO SELECTSoffers helpful suggestions, and genuine recommendations for high-quality, authentic Japanese art & design. Depending on the performance, the musicians may be offstage entirely, positioned in the back or off to the side of the stage, or even directly incorporated into the action of the play. The transformation process is implemented by Eq. 2020 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR). The loss corresponding to this step is called the correspondence regularity loss: where \(r_{{{\mathbf{y}} \to {\mathbf{x}} \to {\mathbf{y}}}}\) is the correspondence from domain B to domain A and then to domain B. The blue color represents the LPIPS values between generated images and real images, and the yellow color represents the LPIPS values between generated image samples. 2022;2022:1. (10), where each pair of elements \({\mathbf{x}}_{{\text{W}}} (u)\) and \({\mathbf{y}}_{{\text{W}}} (v)\) are characteristically related. The first two are song and speech. IEEE. All told, Japanese kabuki is an outlandish visual spectacle which focuses more on looks than story. The painted white nose of the Chou character suggests that the character is a clown. Since this era, kabuki has persisted as one of the greatest and most famous Japanese arts. Various kabuki plays have even been reimagined for the big screen, many of which have made it overseas (both in localized versions and in translation): The 47 Ronin, The Ring, The Ghost Story of Yotsuya, and Shin Heike Monogatari to name a few. Namely, it was the introduction of abstractionism in the West in lieu of more realistic styles of storytelling that had the artistic imprint of kabuki. The third is dance-acting. Barrel drums with tacked heads (gu) and a double reed with a conical bore and bell (suona) are used in military scenes, along with cymbals (bo) and large flat gongs. Combining these two aspects to improve the network structure, further improving the quality of Peking Opera facial masks, and providing reliable technical support for the development and protection of Peking Opera facial masks. Since Beijing Opera enjoys a higher reputation than other local operas, almost every province in China has more than one Beijing Opera troupe. Opera is so popular among Chinese people, especially seniors, that even "Beijing Opera Month" has been declared. The Peking Opera band mainly consists of an orchestra and percussion band. For example, a simple table placed on the stage may be used by the actors variously to indicate a bed, a bridge, a tower, a mountain, and so on. Kabuki was initially seen as avant-garde, a bizarre niche form of entertainment for the common people. The input sketches \({\mathbf{x}}_{{\text{A}}}\) are from domain A and the reference images \({\mathbf{y}}_{{\text{\rm B}}}\) are from domain B. Firstly, \({\mathbf{x}}_{{\text{A}}}\) and \({\mathbf{y}}_{{\text{\rm B}}}\) are fed into a Feature Pyramid Network (FPN) [24] to extract different scale feature maps, which are then converted into representations \({\mathbf{x}}_{{\text{W}}}\) and \({\mathbf{y}}_{{\text{W}}}\) in the W domain by a transformation relation. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. This paper was supported in part by the Open Project of Key Laboratory of Audio and Video Repair and Evaluation, Ministry of Culture and Tourism (Grant No. This is because the real data distribution in GAN training will be disturbed by adding a data enhancement module. Much of the repertoire of such stylistic groups is derived from theatre music, but there are many examples that may imply the sounds of older lost traditions. The regularity term requires that the original images are obtained by distorting the lines of the original sample images in the same way. It was founded in 1610, but the current building was constructed in 1929, across from the same river where the priestess Okuni performed. The Kabuki Theater of Japan, Available at Amazon. Intelligent generation of Peking opera facial masks with deep learning frameworks, $$L_{D} = - {\rm E}_{{{\mathbf{x}}\sim p_{{\text{r}}} }} [g_{1} (D_{\theta } (T({\mathbf{x}})))] - {\rm E}_{{{\mathbf{z}}\sim p_{{\mathbf{z}}} }} [g_{2} (D_{\theta } (T(G_{\varphi } ({\mathbf{z}}))))],$$, $$L_{G} = {\rm E}_{{{\mathbf{z}}\sim p_{{\mathbf{z}}} }} [g_{2} (D_{\theta } (T(G_{\varphi } ({\mathbf{z}}))))],$$, $$rt = {\text{E}}[{\text{sign}}(D{\text{train}})]$$, $$\begin{aligned} \lambda_{t} =& \quad {\text{\rm E}}({\text{sign}}(D_{{{\text{real}}}} )) \\ =& \quad {\text{\rm E}}({\text{sign}}({\text{logit}}(D({\mathbf{x}})))) \\ \end{aligned}$$, $$\begin{aligned} \mathop {\min }\limits_{G} \mathop {\max }\limits_{D} V(G,D) &= (1 - \alpha ){\rm E}_{{{\mathbf{x}}\sim p_{{\text{r}}} ({\mathbf{x}})}} [\log D_{\theta } ({\mathbf{x}})] \\ & \quad+ \alpha {\rm E}_{{{\mathbf{z}}\sim p_{{\mathbf{z}}} ({\mathbf{z}})}} [\log D{}_{\theta }(G_{\varphi } ({\mathbf{z}}))] \\ & \quad + {\rm E}_{{{\mathbf{z}}\sim p_{{\mathbf{z}}} ({\mathbf{z}})}} [\log (1 - D_{\theta } (G_{\varphi } ({\mathbf{z}})))] \\ \end{aligned}$$, $$\begin{aligned} \hfill \mathop {\min }\limits_{G} \mathop {\max }\limits_{D} V(G,D) &= {\rm E}_{{{\mathbf{x}}\sim p_{{\text{r}}} ({\mathbf{x}}),t\sim p_{\pi } ,{\mathbf{y}}\sim q({\mathbf{y}}{|}{\mathbf{x}}{,}t)}} [\log D_{\theta } ({\mathbf{y}},t)] \\ \hfill & \quad + {\rm E}_{{{\mathbf{z}}\sim p_{{\mathbf{z}}} ({\mathbf{z}}),t\sim p_{\pi } ,{\mathbf{y}}_{{\text{g}}} \sim q({\mathbf{y}}|G_{\varphi } ({\mathbf{z}}),t)}} [\log (1 - D_{\theta } ({\mathbf{y}}{\text{g}},t))] \\ \end{aligned}$$, \(\forall t \in \{ 1, \cdot \cdot \cdot ,T\}\), \({\mathbf{y}}\sim q({\mathbf{y}}|{\mathbf{x}},t)\), \({\mathbf{y}}{\text{g}}\sim q({\mathbf{y}}|G_{\varphi } ({\mathbf{z}}),t)\), \({\mathbf{y}}{\text{g}} = \sqrt {\overline{a}t} G_{\theta } ({\mathbf{z}}) + \sqrt {(1 - \overline{a}t)} \sigma \varepsilon ,\varepsilon \sim {\rm N}(0,I)\), \(\overline{a} t = \prod\limits_{i = 1}^{t} {ai}\), $${\mathbf{x}}_{{\text{W}}} = F_{{{\text{A}} \to {\text{w}}}} ({\mathbf{x}}_{{\text{A}}} ;\theta_{F} ,{\text{A}} \to {\text{W}}),$$, $${\mathbf{y}}_{{\text{W}}} = F_{{{\text{B}} \to {\text{w}}}} ({\mathbf{y}}_{{\text{B}}} ;\theta_{F} ,{\text{B}} \to {\text{W}}),$$, $$L_{{{\text{domain}}}}^{{_{{}} }} = \left\| {F_{{{\text{A}} \to {\text{W}}}} ({\mathbf{x}}_{{\text{A}}} ) - } \right.\left. https://www.britannica.com/art/Chinese-music/Jingxi-Peking-opera Jiang L, Dai B, Wu W, Loy CC. The bangu or danpigu is equally unique in construction. Peking Opera Facial Masks Images Generated by CoCosNET. Chamber music exists in many styles, functions, and locations. Because the Peking opera facial masks sketches and the color images are different domain images in the same scene and contain the same semantics, the conversion of \({\mathbf{x}}_{{\text{A}}}\) and \({\mathbf{y}}_{{\text{B}}}\) to W domain is completely aligned. Yet, some point to the influence of kabuki as the reason for this change in his oeuvre. Such patterns provide context to the music in ways similar to the fixed-tune melodies. Privacy Cross-domain alignment network realizes mapping the images of the source domain and the target domain to the intermediate domain W, and finds the semantic correspondence in the intermediate domain, thereby distorting the sample images. In recent years, Peking opera has responded to sagging audience numbers by attempting reforms, including improving performance quality, adapting new performance elements, shortening works, and performing new and original plays. "Peking opera" is the English term for the art form; the term entered the Oxford English Dictionary in 1953. Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1049/cit2.12153. He wrote The Love Suicide at Sonezaki as well as countless other scripts, many also about tragic suicides. Reduced reference image and video quality assessments: review of methods. The third is dance-acting. Recordings mix with live music so that, for example, a battle scene may be accompanied by Chinese percussion sounds, firecrackers, and a recording of Nikolay Rimsky-Korsakovs lively orchestral interlude The Flight of the Bumble Bee.. Scenery and Props. The network incorporates a diffusion model that injects noise from a Gaussian mixture distribution to achieve data transformation (The Gaussian mixture distribution consists of weighted diffusion samples from clean images at different time steps.). where \(\varphi_{l}\) represents the layer l activation of Visual Geometry Group (VGG-19) and \(\lambda_{l}\) is the equilibrium parameter. where the conditional inputs \({\mathbf{x}}_{{\text{A}}}\) and \(r_{{{\mathbf{y}} \to {\mathbf{x}}}}\) stand for 2-Dimensional images. Edo Kabuki in Transition, Available at Amazon, Kabuki: Five Classic Plays by James R. Brandon. Visual effects in Chinese Peking opera? Many musical notations were developed, perhaps the most interesting variety for the qin being one in which Chinese characters were artificially constructed by combining symbols for the notes with indications of fingering technique, such as upstrokes, downstrokes, or harmonics (overtones). In terms of image generation, the Peking opera facial masks generated by StyleGAN2 and the model improved by three different data enhancement methods have In contrast, the data-enhanced model produces higher-quality images. Similar to the loss function of the general GANs, the main purpose of adversarial loss is to make the generated images belong to the B domain and improve the quality of the generated Peking opera facial masks. Illustrated with specific patterns and colors, the Compressed sensing using generative models. Each specific costume includes elaborate and colorful shoes and accessories such as crowns, helmets, hats, caps, belts and hairstyles. An improved algorithm for superresolution reconstruction of ancient murals with a generative adversarial network based on asymmetric pyramid modules. Such an approach can form a new Peking opera facial mask style. In addition to all the instruments mentioned above, many others may be found. Known as onna-kabuki (onna means woman), the performances were witty and suggestive. 2019. p. 14951504, Park T, Liu MY, Wang TC, Zhu JY. Percussion accompaniments also can be found in a similar style, as can larger ensemble scores, but both are more characteristic of 20th-century China. Part of Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The construction of the cultural gene pool of Peking opera facial masks and the automatic generation of Peking opera facial masks are technological innovations in traditional arts. Usually, the semantic correspondence is obtained by matching the patch [23] in the feature domain with a pre-trained classification model. In the latter case, one finds that a majority of jingxi aria texts are based on series of couplets of 7 or 10 syllables each. In actual performance the fiddle may be tuned lower for erhuang melodies. 2020;30:11. In the video above you can see the dance performance by Nakamura Umemaru at the Portland Japanese Garden. Beijing (Peking) Opera. Although the stories may be set indoors or out, the stage is not cluttered with complicated props and furniture. As the generated data is passed to the discriminator as real data for training, the optimization objective is updated with the following equation: Where V(D, G) represents the difference between the generation model and the discrimination model. In both traditions, the choices are not arbitrary, and with cultural exposure one comes to recognize the musical intention, even though it is not necessary to know precisely what chord or what rhythm pattern produces an appropriate musical effect. 2021KFKT007), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities. The Peking Opera band mainly consists of an orchestra and percussion band. Actors dancing with umbrellas might indicate a storm. Address: 2-1 Shimokawabatamachi, Hakata-ku, Fukuoka (see map). Until the advent of television and government arts control, there were narrators who recounted traditional stories in nightly or weekly segments. Terms and Conditions, Because the text is the core of the genre, standard melodies are used. So performers need to be excellent singers, dancers, actors, and acrobats. Their performances are even including the elements of the (1112): By weighted summation of the pixels with the highest similarity in \({\mathbf{y}}_{{\text{B}}}\), the corresponding relationship between domain B and domain A can be obtained, which is marked as \(r_{{{\mathbf{y}} \to {\mathbf{x}}}}\). Figure3 shows the comparison of the visual quality of generated images by different methods. Firstly, the semantic correlation between the source domain and the target domain is found. Within each of these general types there are several well-known tunes, but the word prototype has been used to define them, as each opera and each situation is capable of varying the basic melody greatly. Picture that being told through the sensual maelstrom of live kabuki. , sagot ng bawat katanungan. Kabuki () is made up of three kanji (Chinese characters): ka () meaning sing, bu () representing dance, and ki () indicating skill. Criteria for classifying Peking opera facial masks. Exiled from Kyoto, a number of calamities befell his enemies upon his death, leading them to deify the scholar in order to appease his vengeful spirit. Vocal production in Beijing opera is conceived of as being composed of "four levels of song": songs with music, verse recitation, prose dialogue, and non-verbal vocalizations. 6, the diversity of image samples which are generated by the image generation model is higher than the diversity of image samples generated by the image translation model. SYH and XR arranged the data of experiment. where \(h(t)\) representatives the hinge function for the regularized discriminator. 20 Japanese Masterpieces You Should See, What are Kanzashi? All About Japanese Wind Chimes , What are Japanese Sake Sets? A must-have on the bookshelf of any kabuki enthusiast. As can be seen from Table 1, the FID score and KID score of StyleGAN2-ADA are the lowest values among the four models. Dialogue is the complement of singing which is full of musical and rhythm sensation. The text is usually in rhyme and is spoken in rhythm. This is highly reflective of the characteristics which define kabuki. The original meaning of kabuki is speculated to be related to the verb kabuku () which can mean to behave oddly. 2, which contains two parts: the cross-domain alignment network and the image composition network. where \(\mathop {\mathbf{x}}\limits^{ \wedge }_{{\text{B}}} = {\mathbf{x}}_{{\text{B}}} - mean({\mathbf{x}}_{{\text{B}}} )\), \(\varphi_{l}\) represents the activation of layer l of VGG-19. Ichimuraza Kabuki Theater, 1740s, by Masanobu Okumura. Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR). One of the most influential was Chikamatsu Monzaemon (1653-1725), a Japanese playwright so prolific hes often compared to Shakespeare. In general, serious and lyrical texts are performed to an erhuang melody and xipi tunes appear in brighter moments, though in such a large genre there are many other possibilities. J Image Video Proc. The costumes and accompanying wigs are made by hand by skilled artisans and are sometimes ornately woven with fine silver and gold threads. In addition to these main Learned perceptual image patch similarity, Tu H. The cultural connotation and symbolic meaning of Chinese opera mask color. Aside from opera there are many other popular forms of music from the Ming and Qing periods. Peking opera troupes will always have a laosheng actor. This sliding gong effect is characteristic of the Beijing sound. Such choices often cause changes in the melody itself. Such a system places one string above the other rather than parallel to it (as on a banjo or a pipa). Each segment is further divided into acts. Again, a great deep dive for diligent students of kabuki theater. However, the movements and visuals remained over the top. The two basic identifying factors are the mode of the melody and the rhythmic style of the accompanying percussion section. By using this website, you agree to our The SSIM and MS-SSIM values of the CoCosNET model are higher than those of image generation models because the structures of images generated by CoCosNET are all from real images. Sonezaki Shinju (The Love Suicide at Sonezaki) - A sewamono about a forbidden love between an orphaned merchant named Tokubei and his lover Ohatsu, a courtesan. A very famous Peking Opera performed by Peking Opera master Cheng Y anqiu(1904-1958), The Injustice to Dou E can, most probabl y, best represent this kind In terms of image generation, the Peking opera facial masks generated by StyleGAN2 and the model improved by three different data enhancement methods have good visual effects. So a performer can play any role as long as he or she masters the singing style of that particular role. The actors use objects such as whips, trays, weapons, or boxes which they interact with in such a way as to indicate concrete objects or abstract concepts, and participation by the audience is required to complete the understanding. Cookies policy. It demonstrates that applying the data enhancement modules to the StyleGAN2 network can reliably stabilize the training and effectively improve the quality of image generation. Although the shape of the body may be different, all traditional Chinese fiddles exhibit certain structural characteristics. The Portland Japanese Garden is one of the centers of Kabuki outside of Japan. We know how difficult it is to search for Japanese artists, artisans and designers on the vast internet, so we came up with this lifestyle guide to highlight the most inspiring Japanese artworks, designs and products for your everyday needs.

Fowler Lake Village Condos For Sale, Articles V