Using diagnostic decoding assessments to answer these key questions: Which students are struggling with decoding? 0+PzhJSktMTU5PRldYWVpbXF1eX1RlZmdoaWprbG1ub2R1dnd4eXp7fH1+f3OEhYaHiImKi4yNjo rsVdirsVdirsVUbyzs722ktbyCO5tpRSWCZFkjYdaMrAg4oMQRRSj/Afkb/qXdM/6Q7f/mjFq/L4 On November 17-19, 2023, Learning & the Brain will return to The Westin . 2010 Levy Avenue, Suite 100 The clinic provides comprehensive evaluations of learning disabilities, ADHD, and other neurodevelopmental and mental health concerns for children and teens and is part of the Center for Child and Family Psychology, the training center for the departments APA-accredited doctoral program in clinical child psychology. 3:44 pm What explains the relation between word reading and listening comprehension? We provide educators with the tools and knowledge to teach all students (not just those who learn easily) to read. Donate to our Mission. National Reading Recovery & K-6 Literacy Conference 2022 | Events in America National Reading Recovery & K-6 Literacy Conference 2022 Trade Shows Education & Science Learning , , Jan 30 - Feb 6, 2022 Online Key Metrics Attendees - Exhibitors - Register $410-$495 Why Attend The Nation's Premier K-8 Literacy Conference It is a recorded, on-demand session, and it will automatically send to you when you complete Part 2. Our 2021 and 2020 annual conferences are available for purchase on our streaming platform. Explore. Join education leaders and changemakers from across the globe, learn from top experts in the field, and network with like-minded professionals who share your passion for evidence-aligned reading instruction. Science of Teaching Reading Conference March 21, 2023 | 8:00 am - 4:00 pm Fredericksburg Expo and Conference Center, Fredericksburg, VA Have you ever wondered, "What is the science of teaching reading really all about?" This one-day conference is designed to answer that question and more as we unpack the "how to" and "what" of teaching reading. See also Licensing Hours. uuid:5D20892493BFDB11914A8590D31508C8 xmp.did:f9c68b95-65d5-45ed-8f4d-deab6f6a9f02 3l83sH5e+U9X07yTH5f8x2aTLFJLH6SlZEa3kb1PirsfjdgVPb7skNSB0LttJilDHwyDO4nMcSr6 The conference features over 40 breakout sessions, two keynote speakers, Emily Hanford and Kareem Weaver, and more than 30 vendors. 11:14 am Relation Between Two Types of Teacher Training and Student Outcomes within a Literacy Intervention, Black-White Differences in Vocabulary Skills Growth During a Year-Long Reading Intervention, The Effects of Practice-Based Coaching on the Implementation of Shared Book Reading Strategies for Paraeducators and Speech-Language Pathology Assistants Working with Children with Language Delays, The relation between reading fluency and reading comprehension: A meta-analysis, Examining change in practicing teachers knowledge of instructional practices to teach foundational reading skills after participating in a professional learning community, Exploring the relations between drivers of teachers implementation of evidence-based reading practices for teaching foundational reading skills, Relations of Children's Morphological Knowledge to Reading Outcomes: A Meta-Analytic Structural Equation Modeling Study, Designing a Morphology Intervention for Struggling Adult Readers, Examining Set for Variability in Word Reading and Spelling, 1:00 pm Examining Set for Variability in Word Reading and Spelling: An Exploration of the Relationship between Set for Variability and Word Reading Using Dominance Analysis and Quantile Regression. Research has been clear since the National Reading Panels report two decades ago: teaching phonics systematically works for improving reading comprehension long term. E+z6ZijPQLuURSfs9/c9ScnHJGPLi+0/exPZ2Y9Ao/8AKhPzF4hfQg4gkgesKAnr29sn447ij+Tc Educators will leave with: The Science Behind How Young Children Learn to Read, Practical Strategies to Implement the Science of Reading with Emerging Readers, Reaching Mastery and Automaticity through Effective Practice, Differentiation, and Diagnosing Decoding Needs. V2KuxV2KuxV2KuxV2KuxV2KuxV2KuxV2KuxV2KuxV2KuxV2KuxVhP51/+St8wf8AGBP+TqYC42s/ Six contact hours! 6sqkHLInZ43tHS5ZZ5ERkRfcWP8A+C/OP/Vi1H/pEn/5ow2HD/J5v5kv9KXf4L84/wDVi1H/AKRJ Dr. Sharon Vaughn (Professor, The University of Texas) is the Manuel J. Justiz Endowed Chair in Education and the Executive Director of The Meadows Center for Preventing Educational Risk, an organized research unit that she founded with a make a wish gift from the Meadows Foundation family. rsVdirsVdirsVdirsVdirsVdirsVdirsVdirsVdirsVdirsVdirsVdirsVdirsVdirsVdirsVdir By Sarah Schwartz July 20, 2022 27 min read. C7AAc6lVJULso6Dbptkvz0b5S/0sv1NPi4/5wVIdN8qQSj1/OumtIodZdhHykqPiajUqqqF6YPzs Obvia C=0 M=0 Y=0 K=0 h9Q/3nPzGVZvpSHiv5m2eizeZ4Z9SEkoggT9yLdLg8fjciLm/wADmngAe9dqOEeloywiTZFpXpdp Join Dr. Maryanne Wolf, UCLA Director for the Center for Dyslexia, Diverse Learners, and Social Justice, as she bridges the reciprocal relationship between neuroscience and teaching reading. Remembering Carol Connor, Reading Comprehension: Component Skills, Processes, and Instruction. This years conference features. 55.000001 When it is well developed, this ability to map back and forth between sounds and letters (aka, orthographic mapping) turns out to be important for moving words into long-term memory. That makes sense: if a student cant read the words at all, then they sure cant read them with understanding. False What types of words are they struggling with? Click here to learn the difference between paid and complimentary seats>> Kids then sound out their new word. Is it a real word, or just silly nonsense? Click here to take the Claude Goldenberg quiz. DBAMDAwMDAwQDA4PEA8ODBMTFBQTExwbGxscHx8fHx8fHx8fHwEHBwcNDA0YEBAYGhURFRofHx8f sVdirsVdirsVdirsVdirsVdirsVdirsVdirsVdirsVdirsVdirsVdirsVdirsVdirsVdirsVdirs Using Literature to Promote Understanding, Empathy, and Global Citizenship, The International Literacy Association (ILA) is a professional organization with a mission of connecting research and practice to continuously improve the quality of literacy instruction across the globe. Integrating the Science of Reading Into Instruction. x4S2CZluXo2ZSHYq7FXYq7FXYq7FXYq7FXYq7FXYq7FXYq7FXYq+XfzI/wCU61r/AJiW/UMtjyeG Click here to take the Laura Santerre-Lemmon quiz. If they cant, school will only be another source of pain and failure added to all the other sources of pain and failure. [T]he science of reading is bigger than phonics. President Biden was a little edgy and a little samey for his monologue at Saturday night's White House correspondent's dinner or " nerd prom ," as journalists like to call their annual . Save 2023 IECEx/QPS International Conference to your collection. 100.000000 Teaching students living with trauma to read and helping them succeed in school gives them a chance to recover. It is the most significant abortion rights case to make its way through the courts since Roe v Wade was overturned in 2022. False Harris International Literacy Association award for best article published and another the School Psychology award for best article. When: April 28 - April 30, 2023 Science of Reading Symposium Where: Egan Convention Center, Anchorage, Alaska Who: ALL Education Stakeholders, this conference is free to attend! Well discuss oral language development and how it transfers to both reading and writing tasks. The Early Bird purchase amount is $499 until June 1, 2023. The Reading League Light SCIENCE OF READING SYMPOSIUM There's no guesswork in the science of reading. Commitment to student-athletes and their academic success . C=44 M=0 Y=100 K=0 UtHhMxZi8CRygvElQzRTkqKyY3PCNUQnk6OzNhdUZHTD0uIIJoMJChgZhJRFRqS0VtNVKBry4/PE Our 2022/23 Science of Reading seven-part webinar series continues to lead educators through key research findings and it will start with a 3-part dive inside Dyslexia. It attempts to monitor such links on a regular basis. With UCLA and USC joining the Big Ten, college football's future is two super-conferences. Hx8fHx8fHx8fHx8fHx8fHx8fHx8fHx8fHx8fHx8fHx8fHx8fHx8fHx8fHx8f/8AAEQgA5AEAAwER 75.000000 12.000000 m12KuxV2KuxV2KuxV2KuxV2KuxV2KuxV2KuxV2KvnLz/AOVfNF15z1e4ttHvZ7eW4Zo5o7aV0YUG xmp.iid:5503a2dd-0059-ee45-bfae-8f69b4c4504c If some of those are too theoretical, too statistical, or otherwise too snooze-inducing for you, focus on the highly useful foundational skills research-to-practice guide offered through What Works Clearinghouse. f+MT97G8LguxVkn5b/8AKdaL/wAxK/qOCXJzuzP8Yh730zcadb3EnqSNMGpT93PNGP8AgUdRmJPB Phonemic awareness is about noticing sounds within words; alphabet knowledge includes knowing what sounds letters stand for. Stay up to date with our programs, professional development opportunities, events, and resources tailored to guide you as you build your professional knowledge. default Adobe Illustrator irsVdirsVdirsVdirsVdirsVdirsVdirsVdirsVdirsVdirsVdirsVdirsVdirsVdirsVdirsVdi Bold Italic 35T1iyl1DjcNfXMEAukto57l/Wmj9VVT4XhtpTcyVjk2BYFieZYi7KIEXzL0ekyzMYkbCW/49zIR The conference this year will feature a . 4.000000 Participants may register to attend one of four workshops. Learn. Sheraton Fallsview Hotel Niagara Falls, ON, SGAA & SAMA 2023 Conference: Forging New Paths, Hyatt Regency Buffalo / Hotel And Conference Center Buffalo, NY, Canadian Alopecia Areata Foundation National Conference: COME TOGETHER 2023, Crowne Plaza Niagara Falls - Fallsview Niagara Falls, ON, 2022-2023 Behavioral Science Speaker Series @ Daemen University, Niagara Falls Marriott on the Falls Niagara Falls, ON, Data Science Certification Training in Buffalo, NY. Yes! Colorado Dept. Offered multiple times throughout the year, this professional learning opportunity is for PreK-6 teachers, paraeducators, reading specialists and coaches looking to gain deeper understanding of the Science of Reading, Structured Literacy lesson planning, and support for all students in a Multi-tiered Systems of Support to achieve literacy success for all. 7.000000 VZZAL221J+TqfRaP6vcx1HJSHHA8Nia8gMAJZZYYxy2+Il90mB+vP/vxv+COTcJ3rz/78b7ziqpb 103 Wyoming St., Second Floor The Reading League. 103 Wyoming St., Second Floor Condensed No. Save Advancing Women Conference AWC EAST 2023 to your collection. Several of these research articles have won awards: one the A.J. Obvia-Light Magenta Will any of the conference sessions be virtual? CMYK C:\Users\jlswenson\Box\EDU Communications & Marketing\Graphic Design Projects\Anchin Center\Science of Reading\Spring 2021\Assets\35345ertertdfg4643543543.jpg Eventbrite - The WNY Literacy Initiative presents The WNY Science of Reading Conference 2022 - Saturday, November 5, 2022 at Buffalo Niagara Convention Center, Buffalo, NY. 38.000000 How many contact hours will you earn? In this three-hour, activity-filled session we will explore: Are your classroom practices aligned with the Science of Reading? Considering the team the Dawgs are expected to field this fall, other records . AFQxtf5W/o/b+xmH5Yfnjaeeddn0j9FHTZordrmN2uBMH4OqsgHpx7/HX78NuTpdd4suGqen4ue7 CuFuJplkjvDMZYpIlVookiXkk37LKOx2YbYuccFV1djpI8ct2Q/lyjS3WsairqYLtoVRFqoBh9RW ILA updates homepage with newsfeed. uuid:5D20892493BFDB11914A8590D31508C8 PROCESS What is the Science of Reading -click here>>Do you know how to bring the Science of Reading to your classroom? No refunds will be issued for cancellations submitted after September 2, 2023. CP6dcx4w0w/gyX/nfjvZ09L/AC2aRrC5MsqyvyQEoVKigIoOIA98t7PAEp8I4Rtzvz73Kwci9Mzo Governance | March 27, 2023 Adobe Illustrator 26.0 (Windows) About 2,600 attendees were anticipated to come . Find event and ticket information. 39786 moC1HU1B/MRuqP8Apf00x/eHlX+yR0dt+blrYQ29odCeSOOMNJcyahLV6N6lXYtI3xceNT0r7ZIm The Reading League is hosting a reception for all conference attendees. %PDF-1.6 % This is a free event where attendees can enjoy food, drinks, and entertainment in a local Syracuse, NY, venue. C=22 M=12 Y=12 K=0 In addition, neither CDE nor any of its employees makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information linkedto fromthis site. The science of reading clearly points to how teachers can best support the earliest stages of decoding. Developmental Language Disorders: Screening, Diagnosis, Intervention Frameworks, and Literacy Outcomes. 47.000000 While we ultimately aim for students to recognize words instantly, we can do more than just provide repeated exposure to those words. CMYK 97.000003 0.000000 Odalys Tebalan works on an assignment at Fairview Elementary in . yoAKAgOzcl+BjurV4kmtdwYHuDYJDvKYfmStjcTaKl1cStyhaUOsagsUKMruvqRMN/2eBFadMjhs CMYK In-Person Event on May 19 Register today to save your spot and to receive a link to the recording if you cant attend live. * CTLE credit avail. Yep, you need a phonics curriculum, because your phonics instruction should not be just incidental or willy-nilly. Educational conference April 1-3, 2022: The Science of Knowledge Home Conferences The Science of Knowledge Attendee Information Conference Pre-Cons Credits Hotel & Travel Exhibitors/Posters Registration Speakers and Sessions Download Brochure TEACHING STUDENTS TO KNOW AND TO THINK FOR A COMPLEX WORLD JOIN FREE TODAY. lOta/wCYlv1DLY8nhu0/8Yn72N4XBdirJPy3/wCU60X/AJiV/UcEuTndmf4xD3vqLKnuXYq7FXYq Learn more about financial transparency. Book Italic 2022 Spotlight on Structured Literacy IDA-GA/TRL-GA Webinar Reading Fluency: Essential for Comprehension with J. Hasbrouck How to Teach Reading and Spelling, Bringing the Science of Reading into the Classroom , a 32-hour course that dives deep into the practical application of the Science of Reading in the classroom. Discover how you can bring resources and support to your classroom or district. Join FCRR at theSociety for the Scientific Study of Reading 2022Annual Conference, taking place July 13-16 in Newport Beach, California. 10.000000 31.999999 irsVdirsVdirsVdirsVdirsVdirsVdirsVdirsVdirsVdirsVdirsVdirsVdirsVdirsVdirsVdi These informative videos will address the needs of all readers in our classrooms. National Institute for Direct Instruction irsVdirsVdirsVdirsVdirsVdirsVdirsVdirsVdirCfzr/8lb5g/wCMCf8AJ1MBcbWf3UnxfgeY 03. Day 2 . Join the ILA Community Registration opens at 8:00 am. 1. NWEA and Learning Heroes experts talk about how best to support them here on our blog, Teach. What is the cost for registration and what's included? The Reading Leagues Reading Buddies Season 3 Launch Party 51.999998 Phonics grabs a huge share of conversations about elementary literacy for good reason: critical to understanding the science of reading is understanding how good instruction in word decoding supports good reading outcomes in English. Your purchase includes unlimited access to all sessions and any supporting handouts. / We will ground our learning in the Simple View of Reading and The Reading Rope. for Emerging (PK-1) or Developing (1-12) Readers It connects strong research evidence to strong practices in phonemic awareness and a broad scope of phonics. When we teach systematically, we introduce the middle sound in taut after students know the /o/ sound in dot. While working on that AU spelling, we should provide practice reading and building AU words, practice with text reading that includes AU words, and practice in writing AU words. Next, we describe how to use literacy assessments to inform instruction. Enjoy. TradeGothicLTStd Cn18_0.otf dirsVdirsVdirsVdirsVdirsVdirsVdirsVdirsVdirsVdirsVdirsVdirsVdirsVdirsVdirsVd C=93 M=10 Y=75 K=43 Bold Condensed No. Attendees of this presentation will learn about the assessment process and the characteristics that are important in the evaluation of risk and identification of dyslexia. University, FSU | Florida Center for Reading Research. C=6 M=8 Y=35 K=12 Flyleaf Publishing She is the Director of the newly created Center for Dyslexia, Diverse Learners, and Social Justice at the UCLA Graduate School of Education and Information Studies. Renaissance Scientific research begins with clear, answerable questions. Commonly co-occurring (i.e., comorbid) conditions, such as developmental language disorder, other learning differences, ADHD, and anxiety, will also be discussed. sVdirsVdirsVdirsVdirsVdirsVdirsVdirsVdirsVdirBPz0iaX8qdfUEAiOF9/BLmJj+rFxNcL She is the author of more than 35 books and 250 research articles. o82reVklv2/RM0sxgSW9jVJSYb0x6eZEcxBZDyHEAfExFNvhMYQ6kbVVeTdPLWwNm7vz69PkqaD+ 0 Please direct questions to events@thereadingleague.org. 1OT0ZXWFlaW1xdXl9WZ2hpamtsbW5vY3R1dnd4eXp7fH1+f3OEhYaHiImKi4yNjo+Ck5SVlpeYmZ Join us for this 3-part, virtual workshop to explore this important topic. Save 2022-2023 Behavioral Science Speaker Series @ Daemen University to your collection. saved False Phonics is smaller in . Refunds will be issued in the same form as the original payment when possible. sVdirsVdirsVdirsVdirsVdirsVdirsVdirsVdirsVdirsVdirsVdirsVdirsVdirsVdirsVdirs False 7FXYq7FXYq7FXYq7FXYq7FXYq7FXYq7FXy7+ZH/Kda1/zEt+oZbHk8N2n/jE/exvC4LsVZJ+W/8A In this post, Ill focus on one piece: word decoding (and, yes, that means we get to talk about phonics). An Introduction to the Science of Reading Northwest PBIS Conference - April 2022 Structuring a Resilient Reading System: Implementing Reading Instructional Best Practices Within an MTSS for All Innovations in Education Conference - February and March 2022 Tier 1 Reading Instruction: An Opportunity to Implement With Integrity for Maximum Impact 1TBv+Vf+av8Alkan+y/plf5n+jP5NHhy7nL5A80ghvqZJG+4JH01GA6m/wCGfyXw5dz0zyNp1/Y2 Celebrities, journalists, and politicians contributed to guest list for the 2023 White House Correspondents' Association dinner on Saturday night. Register. HW]o:}7}X?%i4M|fPe:V\Nn$.E9CT>S15P6&Q"NF&JHF4~M,XtRKjQUJIjSQ,X?Gq$-~`{%$+$SD+mj4Z=.JVv~ jbmvx$XL/?0e~O| U\ EB `Ub}x?3qeq_._}#u#^e\LGFR}NNqbC2M{gdpF! xmp.did:5503a2dd-0059-ee45-bfae-8f69b4c4504c PROCESS Traumatized students struggle at school and poor reading makes those struggles considerably worse. To extend, include both morpheme and syllable analysis. She works as a senior adviser to the National Center on Intensive Interventions and has more than six articles that have met the What Works Clearing House Criteria for their intervention reports. Morpheme analysis involves finding prefixes, suffixes, root words, and inflectional endings; these are a words morphemes, or meaningful units. WNY Education Alliance. Distribute some base words to each pair, asking students to create their own big words by adding a prefix and a suffix to each word. In Partnership with W&M Literacy Lab, W&M T/TAC, and VASCD, School of Education Williamsburg, VA Contact Us All Rights Reserved 2021, Keynote by Lakeisha Johnson, PhD., Assistant Professor in the School of Communication Sciences and Disorders at Florida State University (FSU), and the director of The Village, the Florida Center for Reading Researchs community engagement and outreach division, Keynote by Emily Solari, Virginia Literacy Partnerships Director and Principal Investigator, and Jenna Conway, Deputy Superintendent in Early Childhood Care and Education, VDOE, Breakout sessions arranged in the following strands: assessment & intervention, K-2 reading instruction, 3-5 reading instruction, and leadership, Topics such as best practices for intervention, phonics & morphological instruction, comprehension, the use of text sets, district SOR shifts, and more, K-5 General & Special Education Teachers, Literacy Specialists, and School Leaders, $200 per person for SURN divisions and VASCD members. Join FCRR at the Society for the Scientific Study of Reading 2022 Annual Conference, taking place July 13-16 in Newport Beach, California. Registration is now open! Literacy and literacy instruction for students who are deaf and hard of hearing, 2:50 pm Literacy and literacy instruction for students who are deaf and hard of hearing: Language Arts Instruction in Classrooms with Deaf and Hard of Hearing Students: A Tribute to Carol Macdonald Connor, 3:38 pm Literacy and literacy instruction for students who are deaf and hard of hearing: Examination of writing in deaf and hard of hearing children in kindergarten, first, and second grade. First off, let's be clear that the science of reading is bigger than phonics. Researchers consider not just what works in general but also what specific instructional methods work . Be prepared to be inspired by leaders and changemakers from across the globe. Dr. Tala Henry (U.S. EPA): Report out from Discussion Groups . She is also a current member of the Colorado Department of Educations Dyslexia Working Group. uuid:d5061183-dbc8-40be-bdea-20c18db528e9 The library association on Monday released its list of the 13 most challenged books of 2022, the titles that have been the biggest targets of banning efforts in schools and public libraries . An understanding of the research behind how individuals learn to read, Strategies to align scientific research with classroom practices, Valuable insights to help you unlock the English Code for all students, including emerging, developing, and struggling readers, Common explanations of the Science of Reading, Orthographic mapping and how words are anchored for automatic, effortless retrieval, How this body of research has an impact on teacher decision-making and student learning, The impact of early instruction on long-term success, What the scientifically aligned decoding instruction looks like for growing and struggling readers, How to use clear, concise language to easily deliver concepts to students, Ready to use instructional routines to provide consistency in your decoding instruction, Strategies to ensure your older readers will have the skills and knowledge they need to orthographically map the increasingly complex word structures they encounter, Straightforward exploration of the research behind how the brain learns to read, Information about orthographic mapping and how words are stored for automatic, effortless retrieval, A practical, scientifically aligned, evidence-based foundational skill approach, Can be taught across a wide range of ages, ability levels, and settings (even distance learning environments), Valuable insights to help you unlock the English Code for all students and put students on the path to becoming strong decoders, What the Science of Reading is and how this body of research has an impact on teacher decision making and student learning, The how, the what, and the why of how the brain learns to read, store, and retrieve words, Why the alphabetic principle is a key concept to understanding the structure of the English Code, Impact of early instruction alignment with the Science of Reading on long term success, What the Science of Reading looks like in everyday instruction, Clear, concise language to easily deliver concepts to students, Ready to use instructional routines to provide consistency in your instruction, Strategies to ensure your emerging readers will establish a firm foundation in the subskills that lead to strong decoding and fluent reading, Leveraging phonemic awareness and single-syllable word-level knowledge to easily attack multi-syllabic words, Teaching skills, not words, to allow students to experience long-term success and easily build a robust orthographic lexicon, Key practice routines and strategies to promote automaticity with single-syllable and multi-syllabic words, Providing meaningful feedback to build confidence and endurance in reading complex word structures, Differentiating amounts and types of practice to meet the needs of all learners. of Education I have a question that wasn't answered here, who can I contact? G0tGEPl3S0kJLehFeOwLEKAeT2sdB47bU75Iyvqxudch8/2Jhpw1l78xaho9lbWYiDpc29yZz6oI Systematic means use of a planful sequence across and within skills. Adobe Illustrator 26.0 (Windows) With this kind of screening, the two biggies are phonemic awareness and alphabet knowledge. Questions or Comments, Privacy Policy This research has been conducted over the last five decades across the world, and it is derived from thousands of studies conducted in multiple languages. We train and support educators and school leaders, and by extension, we also serve parents, specialists, and researchers. 1:18 pm Examining Set for Variability in Word Reading and Spelling: What do we measure when we use the Set for Variability (SfV) task? Open Type C=97 M=53 Y=33 K=10 XOjavb+U9XkuWnu9Jngu/wBIwtx+tSxJFE8rmRXa4WX6tHxkr8S0ZXIO9oAGwaJSMjZeu4q7FXYq Its the converging evidence of what matters and what works in literacy instruction. Dr. Access to this video and permission of use is provided by CORE and Dr. Claude Goldenberg. Obvia Bold Condensed No. You will leave the workshop with practical, efficient strategies and techniques to help emerging, developing, and struggling readers. Dr. Hogan studies the genetic, neurological, and behavioral links between oral and written language development, with a focus on co-morbid speech, language and literacy disorders.

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