Heemeyer wasn't willing to pay a good deal of money to tie into the existing sewer line, and the problems that caused with the town government bloomed into a multiyear disagreement. Attempts to disable the bulldozer's cameras with gunfire failed as the bullets were unable to penetrate the 3-inch (7.6cm) bulletproof plastic. Heemeyer found himself at odds with others in the community, both in government and outside of it, after buying some land at auction (to, he says, at least one person's discontent). Its not that I dont feel safe, but its changed the way that you look at people, at stuff, he said. "The Wrath of the Killdozer." In addition to the properties, Heemeyer also listed several names, including the mayor and several local business owners. .50 caliber rifle, a .308 caliber semi-automatic rifle, and a .22 caliber rifle, all fitted with a one-half-inch-thick (1.3cm) steel plate. And on June 4, 2004, he sealed himself inside his cockpit and set out for Granby. [1][15], Police first used explosives in an attempt to remove the steel plates, but after the third explosion failed, they cut through them with an oxyacetylene cutting torch. These people want to embrace this, 'Attacking government with firearms in a tank,' and make it sound like a good thing. He feels that the entire community is against him that they had a resentment towards outsiders. Really money was the most frequent topic of his ramblings. On June 4, 2004, frustrated o. Marvin Heemeyer was born on October 28, 1951, in South Dakota and lived in Grand Lake, Colorado, about 16 miles (26km) away from Granby. ", http://www.francesfarmersrevenge.com/stuff/archive/oldnews5/rampages.htm, http://extras.denverpost.com/slideshows/dozer_slideshow.html, "Newly released audiotapes detail reasons for Granby bulldozer rampage", http://www.9news.com/news/article.aspx?storyid=49366, "Man Who Bulldozed Granby Says He Got Idea From God", http://www.thedenverchannel.com/news/3697785/detail.html, "7NEWS Looks Inside Granby Work Shed Where 'Dozer Was Outfitted", http://www.thedenverchannel.com/news/3394824/detail.html, Discovery Channel Destroyed in Seconds video, Site detailing Marvin Heemeyer's dispute with City Hall, Granby Damage, includes several pictures of the incident, Articles needing clarification from June 2015, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2014, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2014, Articles incorporating text from Wikipedia, Bulldozers with powerplants larger than 500kW, Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information. By the time he was finished, he had demolished 13 buildings, including the town hall and the library within it, the police station, the home of the ex-mayor, a bank, numerous vehicles, the newspaper where Brower worked and the local hardware store. The cameras were protected on the outside by 3-inch (76mm) shields of clear bulletproof lexan. "Granby Bulldozer Rampage Revisited, Ten Years Later." Heemeyer had no intention of leaving the cabin once he entered; the hatch was permanently sealed. On June 4, 2004, frustrated over a failed zoning dispute, Heemeyer plowed his homemade armored bulldozer into the town hall, a former mayor's home and other buildings in small-town Granby, Colorado. [1] The coroner stated that Heemeyer used his .357-caliber handgun in the suicide. Also on his hit-list was a Catholic church as well as several named individuals. He destroyed a library, which was connected to the town hall, and the former home of Mayor L.R. He could have done whatever he wanted, hung out in his hot tub and gone snowmobiling and enjoyed life. Certain facts remain indisputable: No weapons or guns have been produced, least of all any kind of a .50 caliber weapon, and no one was hurt or injured during the 2 to 3 hour melee, save for Marvin Heemeyer, who was found dead inside of the cab of the vehicle at 20 AM Saturday morning, after SWAT and sheriff's deputies spent an hour using a cutting torch and 3 separate blasts with military . Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. He mailed these to his brother in South Dakota shortly before stepping into his bulldozer.[18]. Craig F. Walker/The Denver Post/Getty ImagesAuthorities examine the killdozer driven by Marvin Heemeyer through Granby, Colorado. Its not my fault. Marvin Heemeyers actions on June 4, 2005 have been described in many terms, ranging from deranged to heroic. Heemeyer had been feuding with Granby officials, particularly over fines for violating city ordinances and a zoning dispute regarding a concrete factory constructed opposite to his muffler shop that had caused his business to fail. Everybody, all the time. For two hours and seven minutes, Marvin Heemeyer and his killdozer pummeled through the town, damaging 13 buildings and knocking out gas services to city hall. Heemeyer leased his business to a trash company and sold the property several months prior to the rampage. On June 4th, 2004 Marvin John Heemeyer went on a justified rampage in Granby, Colorado, and became a martyr for all who are sick of being exploited by hypocr. said Susie Docheff in an interview with the Sky-Hi News. Among anti-government types, he is seen as an inspiration even sparking a robust merch business. Despite the nearly $7 million in property damage done to the town of Granby, not a single human besides Heemeyer was killed during the rampage. John Donovan It all sounded like any number of ramblings Ive read or listened to by religious zealots and nutjobs. [1], "It is interesting to observe that I was never caught", Heemeyer wrote. "There was a woman talking on the local radio station as Marv was going through town she was sitting there saying, 'Marv is just a gentle giant, he's a teddy bear of a guy, he would only hurt people who hurt him ' It's just galling. Meanwhile, Heemeyer has become, to many people who inhabit the fringes of the internet, an example of someone who stood up for his beliefs, who took on a corrupt establishment and, when he couldn't beat it, did his machine-welding best to bring it down. Aged 52, Marvin Heemeyer was the only man to die that day. Marvin Heemeyer Born: 1952 Birthplace: Castlewood, SD Died: 4-Jun - 2004 Location of death: Granby, CO Cause of death: Suicide Gender: Male Race or Ethnicity: White Sexual orientation: Straight Occupation: Criminal Nationality: United States Executive summary: Killdozer pilot Military service: USAF (1969) I think he was largely delusional. "The idea somehow that Marv didn't want to hurt anybody is absolutely absurd," Brower says. To them, Marv and his killdozer will continue to live on, triumphantly. Heemeyer subsequently leased a shed on his former property back from the new owner, drove his bulldozer through the door and parked it inside. He was born in 1951 in South Dakota. Keep writing. Marvin_Heemeyer (Originally published June 10, 2004 in the Sky-Hi News) As the initial shock subsides, and debris and dust settles in Granby, residents of Grand Lake reflect on the man with whom they shared a town. Indeed, in the years after the rampage, Heemeyer became a controversial folk hero in certain circles, with some believing that he was a victim of a town government that didnt think twice about hurting a local business. Heemeyer unsuccessfully appealed the decision, claiming the construction blocked access to his shop. Christie Baker said that Heemeyer threatened her husband after he refused to pay for a faulty muffler repair. Heemeyer had purchased the Komatsu D335A bulldozer with the intention of clearing a path to connect his store to the main road, but city council members rejected his proposal. Some time after military service, he returned to Colorado where he ran a chain of successful muffler shops in the Denver area. It was these circumstances that unhinged Heemeyer, causing him to drive an armored bulldozer through downtown Granby, Colorado, pulverizing several buildings before turning a gun on himself. And as the saying goes the love of money is the root of all evil.3. There were also fans and an air conditioner to keep him cool. Everything about Marvin John Heemeyers first forty years of life was what youd call ordinary. After hours of trying to get into the stalled-out dozer, police finally cut through a steel door and pulled out Heemeyer's body in the darkened morning hours of June 5. The tapes are about two and a half hours in length.[15]. He suggested that the townsfolk were jealous of his money and success. Then, take a look at some real-life vigilante stories of ordinary citizens taking justice into their own hands. Marvin John Heemeyer (28 de outubro, 1951 - 4 de junho, 2004) foi um soldador e dono de uma oficina mecnica norte-americano que ficou conhecido pelo seu ataque de fria utilizando-se de um trator de esteira modificado. His Killdozer, that had once been 49 tons, now weighed 61.5 tons and would no longer fit through the bay door so he drove it through the side of the garage. Inside, he mounted powerful fans to blow away dust from the air slits and gun portals, and kept a stock of beverages in a cooler. The tapes were released by the Grand County Sheriff's Office on August 31, 2004. *Side note: he annoyingly says the word anyways quite frequently. It is my duty. Photos and Memories(2) Authorities examine the killdozer driven by Marvin Heemeyer through Granby, Colorado. The investigation also revealed that he hadn't planned to come out of it alive. On Friday the 4th June 2004, a man with a grudge secretly built a death machine out of a bulldozer and went on a rampage around the sleepy town of Granby. On June 4, 2004, in Granby, Colorado, Marvin Heemeyer set out in his armored bulldozer by plowing through his shop's wall and ramming the concrete plant adjacent to his lot. In Denver, Marv found work as a mechanic in Scotty's Mufflers, a chain of car repair shops in the Denver area. Nothing worked. He inflicted damage of around $7 million. [5] There might have been casualties if local emergency response hadn't worked so effectively. He also told a strange story of confronting the brother of one of his deceased neighbors and demanding $300,000 as restitution for a perceived grievance. "Had these tanks ruptured and exploded, anyone within one-half mile of the explosion could have been endangered", the sheriff's department said; within such a range were 12 police officers and residents of a senior citizens complex. Working every day by day Im a lot more impressed by your post. [16], On April 19, 2005, the town announced plans to scrap Heemeyer's bulldozer. Embittered by this time against both the city and the concrete plant, Heemeyer balked. If you want to see the grandeur of the Rockies, any time of the year, and want to get away from the crowds, going through Granby would not be out of the question. He did $7 million dollars in damage. Heemeyer had installed two rifles in firing ports on the inside of the bulldozer, and fired fifteen bullets from his rifle at power transformers and propane tanks. Over a period of 90 minutes, police watched helplessly as Heemeyer proved unstoppable. [3], John Bauldree, a friend of Heemeyer's, said that he was a likable person. "Sometimes reasonable men must do unreasonable things."[8]. Please copy/paste the following text to properly cite this HowStuffWorks.com article: Hyoung Chang/Denver Post via Getty Images. ", "Granby: 2004 bulldozer rampage subject of History Channel program", "Grudge spawns trail of destruction: Granby man kills himself after rampage in armor-plated bulldozer", "Armored dozer was bad to go: Reporters get peek inside Heemeyer's destructive machine", "Officials: Man who drove bulldozer is dead: Colorado rampage leaves man dead of apparent self-inflicted gunshot wound", "Dozer digs its own grave: Used by angry resident to attack Granby, machine to be dismantled as scrap", "Newly released audiotapes detail reasons for Granby bulldozer rampage", "Man Who Bulldozed Granby Says He Got Idea From God", "7NEWS Looks Inside Granby Work Shed Where 'Dozer Was Outfitted", , ?, Discovery Channel Destroyed in Seconds video, "Site detailing Marvin Heemeyer's dispute with City Hall", Granby Damage, includes several pictures of the incident, Audio: Hear from Marvin Heemeyer himself in recorded 'manifesto', https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marvin_Heemeyer&oldid=1147271808, Wikipedia pages semi-protected from banned users, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 29 March 2023, at 21:34. Brian Brainerd/The Denver Post/Getty Images. By all accounts, he was a wizard as a welder. How can the U.S. government sue a business? Though authorities tried to destroy the vehicle multiple times, the killdozer proved resistant to small arms fire and resistant to explosives. Granby also is like a lot of small towns in America in that it's a place where it's relatively easy to get to know people and for people to know you. Heemeyerspent more than a year building his "killdozer" and planning his attack on the town of Granby, an act he felt was in accordance with God's will: "God blessed me in advance for the task that I am about to undertake. As well, the sheriff notes that 11 of the 13 buildings that Heemeyer bulldozed were occupied until just moments before the destruction. Volume 90%. Although no one other than Heemeyer was killed in the incident, the modified bulldozer has occasionally been referred to as the "Killdozer". Much obliged. "Citizens Reflect on June 4, 2004, Bulldozer Attack in Granby." Authorities initially speculated that he may have used a homemade crane found in his garage to lower the armor hull over the dozer and himself. As often is the case, the true story has little to do with the internet legend. One could argue that Marvin Heemeyer was treated unfairly by the government, that he was run out of business by a larger company, and that what he did on "Killdozer Day" was simply what every other "little guy" dreamedof doing aftergetting pushed down by "the man". This made the machine impervious to small arms fire and resistant to explosives; three external explosions and over 200 rounds of firearm ammunition fired at the bulldozer had no effect on it. With him, he brought two handguns. Heemeyer's brother Ken stated that he "would bend over backwards for anyone". or its 1974 film adaptation, or if this is independent coinage. Heemeyer rammed the 20-cubic-yard blade of his "MK Tank" into several town buildings, including the municipal center. With no distance to gain speed to push the grader aside as before, Heemeyer was forced to plow ahead. Marvin Heemeyer built a weapon to flatten anything that stood in his way, and the internet called him a hero. It's a cross that I am going to carry and I'm carrying it in God's name. Heemeyer believed the townsfolk were angry with him for buying his property because he had acquired it during an FDIC auction of foreclosed properties. He was convinced judges and attorneys were in cahoots. He believed that the citizens of Granby were distrusting and malicious towards outsiders, himself included. He opines that God made him stay single and be successful so that he wouldnt have family to worry about and hed have the finances to carry out his task. Marvin Heemeyer is a hero. Snopes and the Snopes.com logo are registered service marks of Snopes.com. It was equipped with three semi-automatic rifles, and Heemeyer carried two sidearms, including a .357 Magnum that he used to commit suicide. Heemeyer's rampage concluded with his suicide, after his bulldozer became trapped in the basement of a hardware store he had been in the process of destroying. The whole ugly Friday is recounted in Brower's book, "Killdozer: The True Story of the Colorado Bulldozer Rampage," and it's the subject of a 2020 documentary, now available on Netflix, called "Tread." Marvin Heemeyer's homemade tank, "Killdozer." Patrick Brower's first thought when he saw the steel-armored bulldozer plowing into buildings outside his newspaper's office was that it was the. After the dust settled, authorities searched Heemeyers home and found notes and audio tapes that outlined his motivations. Others gathered in the streets to watch the odd spectacle. His muffler shop was cut off from the rest of town, his business curtailed. With the end clearly in sight, Heemeyer killed himself with a gunshot to the head in his cockpit, determined to avoid capture and leave the world on his own terms. Heemeyer disapproved of the rezoning and for the next nine years, he vehemently fought everyone from city hall to the mayors office to prevent the rezoning. Heemeyer had bought a bulldozer two years before the incident with the intention of using it to build an alternative route to his muffler shop, but city officials rejected his request to build the road. Others could easily have died, though. He lived in Grand Lake, Colorado, but he moved to town 10 years before the incident, according to his neighbor. And conspiracy theories abound, including that he didnt commit suicide but was executed inside his MK Tank. In these circles, Heemeyer is a martyr to their anti-government cause and a victim of petty government interference and oppression. In his tapes, he suggested that the city allowed the concrete plant to be built near a hotel so that the dust from the concrete would blow towards the hotel and drive visitors away. About the same time, the city cited Heemeyer for two infractions: not being connected to the city sewer line and for unsightly junk cars strewn about his property. In certain circles, 4 June marks the anniversary of "Killdozer Day," a 2004 rampage in the city of Granby, Colorado, that damaged more than a dozen buildings and left one person (Heemeyer) dead. When Marvin John Heemeyer was born on 28 October 1951, in Castlewood, Hamlin, South Dakota, United States, his father, John Harm Heemeyer, was 27 and his mother, Augusta Mulder, was 30. In the audio tapes, he states: "Because of your anger, because of your malice, because of your hate, you would not work with me. "Somehow their vision was clouded", he wrote. Hyoung Chang/The Denver Post/Getty ImagesA destroyed truck was stuck inside the Mountain Parks Electric building after Marvin Heemeyers rampage. Heemeyer also destroyed patrol cars, service trucks, and at least one pickup truck. [3] Thus, many people were warned and were able to get out of harm's way. Definitely, what a great blog and revealing posts, I definitely will bookmark your site. The Denver Post. On June 4, 2004, Heemeyer drove his armored bulldozer through the wall of his former business, the concrete plant, the town hall, the office of the local newspaper that editorialized against him, the home of a former mayor (in which the mayor's widow then resided), and a hardware store owned by another man Heemeyer named in a lawsuit, as well as a few others. But there is another way of looking at the events of 4 June 2004. Ultimately Im just grateful youre here reading my content, but if youd like to say thanks back, you can buy me a coffee . This is most assuredly how law enforcement and the great majority of Granby, CO residents saw him. Later, Heemeyer fired on two state troopers before they had fired. And another thing you should learn:When you visit evil upon someone, be assured it will revisit you. Best, Allen. "After Bulldozer Rampage, Town Strives to Rebuild Trust." After a ten minute standoff, the killdozer went silent. "He just failed.". Police, concerned for the safety of innocent folks, considered extreme military weapons to stop him. It all began with a man named Marvin John Heemeyer, a typical American blue-collar fellow. According to The Online Tank Museum, Heemeyer's contraption was based on a 49-ton (44.4-metric ton) Komatsu D355A bulldozer that, once he was finished with it, weighed 61 tons (55.3 metric tons). Maybe Heemeyer wasnt specifically out to kill anyone, though he seemed ready and willing to kill if it became necessary. The plan involved dispersing individual pieces to many separate scrap yards to prevent souvenir-taking.[17]. Just flat out wrong. Since then, members of the State Patrol revealed that to the contrary, the governor did consider authorizing an attack but ultimately decided against it due to the potential for collateral damage of a missile strike in the heart of Granby being significantly higher than what Heemeyer could have caused with his bulldozer. 4 June 2014. lift fully exposed". He perpetually saw himself as a victim and as the townsfolk of being deserving of his revenge: Basically what all this is going to prove when its all over with is that meddling in your neighbors business is destructiveits going to come back to haunt you. In addition to writings that he left on the wall of his shed, Heemeyer recorded a number of audio tapes explaining his motivation for the attack. [1] "Once he tipped that lid shut, he knew he wasn't getting out", Daly said. Marvin John Heemeyer (October 28, 1951 -- June 4, 2004) was an American skilled welder and owner of an automobile muffler shop. Local and state patrol, including a SWAT team, walked behind and beside the bulldozer, occasionally firing, but the armored bulldozer was impervious to their shots. Heemeyer, in his delusional ramblings, seemed to legitimately believe that he was on a mission from God to teach a lesson to and punish the unneighborly citizens of Granby. "I was always willing to be reasonable until I had to be unreasonable", he wrote. Who Was Marvin Heemeyer? However there were concerns about collateral damage from either military weapon. Really looking forward to gaining access to more. 1 1 tape 1 side a 31:12. "It's going to come back to haunt you And it can come back to haunt you in spades. Now, however, it would serve a new purpose as his weapon of destruction: the killdozer. And then, with what seemed to be a clear plan, he got even with others on his list. For the next eighteen months, he retrofitted the bulldozer with steel plates as well as homemade armor consisting of both concrete and steel sheets to make what he called his MK Tank though it is remembered today as Killdozer.. Heemeyer initially agreed to sell the land to the Docheff family, but then backed out of the deal out after asking for more: The story of the batch plant also goes back to 1992, three years after Heemeyer had moved to the area. In the case of the local newspaper, the Sky Hi News, the editor who had always run his letters of complaint ran out the back door as Heemeyers bulldozer crashed through the front. [2], At this point, local authorities and the Colorado State Patrol feared they were running out of options in terms of firepower, and that Heemeyer would soon turn against civilians in Granby. 6 6 tape 3 side b 06:41. Due to the steep price-hike, Mountain Park Concrete back out of the deal. All of this was well before the rezoning proposal hit town hall. Great, thanks for sharing this blog.Really looking forward to read more. In this view, Heemeyer is a hero. Instead of building the armor plating entirely onto his bulldozer, he fashioned the top piece separately to be lifted by crane onto the bulldozer once he was inside. Much of Heemeyers rampage was televised nationally (LINK), and he was almost immediately hailed as patriot and hero by far-right anti-government groups. [1] It is my duty. And it's true that a few names on this list were obvious adversaries, such as the town hall, which was responsible for rezoning the land surrounding his property. Shell, Hank. This negotiation happened before the rezoning proposal was heard by the town council. He built a tank, leveled a good portion of a previously quiet small town in the Rocky Mountains with it, then immediately gained a measure of fame because of it, and almost as immediately met an inglorious end. A tank, complete with thick steel-plated walls to ward off attackers and a couple of guns to inflict some harm. In 2001, the city approved the construction of a concrete plant, zoning the land next to Heemeyers for use. After two hours and seven minutes, Heemeyer had bulldozed every business or home that had some connection to his case against the zoning committee. During the 1990s, Heemeyer owned a small welding shop in town, where he made his living repairing mufflers. Granby slapped him with $2500 in fines. I wrote a book! This is largely because a reverse 911 system was used to notify residents of the killdozer so that they could get out of the way in time. The negotiations hadnt been easy, and hed been having trouble agreeing with the company on a suitable price. A man with a grudge built something, instantly christened a "killdozer," to tear up a town: How is he a hero? The tapes are about 2.5 hours in length. Notes found by investigators after the rampage indicate that the primary motivation for Heemeyer's bulldozer rampage was his fight to stop a concrete plant from being built near his shop. It was estimated that Heemeyer caused $7 million in damages during his 90 minute spree. Tourism is a draw in the area, though Granby is hardly the center of it. Support Local Journalism While many people described Heemeyer as a likable person, others told a different story. On his list of targets were: the bank, the electric company, the newspaper, a construction company, the police station, the former mayors home, the town hall, the library, and the hardware store. Now its an appliance and mattress store with two employees. Investigators searched the garage where they believe Heemeyer built the vehicle and found cement, armor and steel. [8], In addition to writings that he left on the wall of his shed, Heemeyer recorded a number of audio tapes explaining his motivation for the attack. But Rocky Mountain National Park is less than 20 miles (32 kilometers) away. In the final weeks leading up to June 2004, Heemeyer made seven recordings, totaling 2 hours and 45 minutes of audio. And the only person you have to blame is yourself.". Brower was in the newspaper offices that afternoon when Heemeyer came by, sending the walls tumbling and Brower running into the street. For many years, Heemeyer had used the adjacent property as a way to get to his muffler shop. The tapes contained two separate recordings on each side for a total of six recordings. "It's just disturbing. The town of Granby still hasn't fully recovered from Heemeyer's vengeful and dangerous attack. On the other hand, some have pointed out that he initially agreed to sell his land and more crucially, that he could have easily killed innocent people during his attack if they hadnt gotten out of the way in time. Nobody died, except Heemeyer, who put a gun to his own head after his lumbering bulldozer fell into the basement of the Gambles store. "It's not like a boutique tourism town, like an Aspen or a Vail. Fewer than 2,000 people live there now, and it was no bigger than that in June 2004, when Heemeyer bulldozed his way into history. "Ten Years After Heemeyers Day of Terror, Wounds Remain in Granby." Attempts to disable the bulldozer's cameras with gunfire failed as the bullets were unable to penetrate the 3-inch bullet-resistant plastic. "Dick" Thompson. He seemed to be very much a my way or the highway kind of man. He could not function without the sewer line and the cooperation of the town.[6]. It all boiled down to whether you agreed with him or not. The bulldozer's engine failed and Heemeyer dropped one tread into the basement and couldn't get out. "Man Who Bulldozed Granby Says He Got Idea from God." Craig F. Walker/The Denver Post via Getty Images, Special Offer on Antivirus Software From HowStuffWorks and TotalAV Security, the author of a book on Heemeyer and his tank, on recordings that he made in the weeks before he embarked on his tankcapade, Killdozer: The True Story of the Colorado Bulldozer Rampage. [5] The sheriff's department also asserted Heemeyer fired many bullets from his semi-automatic rifle at Cody Docheff when Docheff tried to stop the assault on his concrete batch plant by using a scraper. Marvin Heemeyer after he moved to Colorado. According to the police, it included the buildings he destroyed, the local Catholic Church (which he didn't damage), and the names of various people who had sided against him in past disputes.[17]. The story of Marvin Heemeyer and his "killdozer" is absolutely true. He accused the city of costing him money. [citation needed], On April 19, 2005, it was announced that Heemeyer's bulldozer was being taken apart for scrap metal. The Gambles store has been rebuilt, but it took seven years for Casey Farrell, the owner, to do so. Heemeyer bought his two acres from the Resolution Trust Corp., the federal agency set up to handle the assets of failed savings and loan institutions. According to Heemeyer, the bulldozer fit through the door with just one inch of clearance another sign from God. Heemeyers side of the story seemed to be predominantly a creation of his own mind. While some described him as cheerful, polite, and a wonderful man, others had a much different opinion of Heemeyer remembering him as argumentative, antagonistic, and combative.

Conservative Friends Of Russia Carrie Symonds, Etsy Pillow Covers 20x20, Native American Quotes About Feathers, Moore High School Dress Code, Articles M