We should never diminish the scandal of the cross. Dahood, Mitchell. While some have claimed him to be Isaiah himself or another Old Testament persons or even Israel itself, only Jesus make sense since He alone fits all that is said about the Servant of the Lord. Who would have thought that a carpenters son out of Nazareth would figure prominently in the divine plan. This suffering was efficacious, that is, it was powerful to effect its intended results: the justification of sinners. To submit to Gods will and to sacrifice self are the hardest things for us to do; to accept suffering and death without complaint or doubt demands a living faith that sees suffering and death as a prelude to glory. The final oracles describe the entire purpose of the Servant that a sinless man should die for the redemption of sinners. Honor-shame realities saturate the four Servant Songs in Isaiah (cf. He is despised and rejected by men, a man of sorrows, and familiar with suffering (53:3). These characteristics are conducive to building authentic, trusting relationships with team members. Soggin, J. Alberto. But, of course, the suffering of this Servant far outdistanced human vicarious suffering (and it is here the nature of the Servant begins to unfold): his suffering removes sin. Very truly, I tell you unless a grain of what falls to the ground and dies it remains only a single seed. John 12 vs. 23-24. Third, these passages call us back to the biblical text with fresheyes. You can see why he picked the book of Isaiah to read aloud when he finally went public with his mission in Nazareth (see Luke 4). Catholic Exchange is a project of Sophia Institute Press. It still plays a prominent role in the sacred liturgy, being read throughout the Sundays of Advent, each Christmas Mass, on several Sundays during Ordinary Time, Palm Sunday, the Chrism Mass on Holy Thursday, Good Friday and the Easter Vigil. The details of this will be discovered in 53:1-9. He endures them, not for his own sake, but for some practical end of which he is aware and to which they will bring him. Who is this?! However, each of the oracles contributes details by which can be discovered. Exile was the fate of God's old covenant people because they rejected His righteous rule (Lev. Acts 5:41 is another place where glory is IN (not after) the experience of shameAnd they departed from the presence of the council, rejoicing that they were counted worthy to suffer shame for his name. This is also Pauls logic throughout 2 Corour shame is the demonstration of Gods glory. Mitteilungen: wie ein Reis vor ihm? ZAW 83 (1971):255-256. 2:19-23). Your God reigns as king! Jesus knew full well the purpose of his suffering, and willingly submitted to it as his service to God the Father in order to provide for us salvation. After his rejection and death, we all of a sudden read that the servant will look upon descendants and live long days and see the light and be satisfied (Isaiah 53:10-11). This understanding of Jesus Christ is found in one of the oldest writings contained in the New Testament, St. Paul's First Letter to the Corinthians, where in 15:3 he quotes a creedal formula which he himself had already received: For I deliver to you first of all that which I also received: that Christ died for our sins according to the scriptures. Jesus, all our hopes fulfilling, second Adam, Abraham, But now they knew they were wrong. People suffer because God is angry with them. It appeared to many that the death of this Servant was an awful tragedy. The same can be true of a collective. It appears that the Israelites are still bitter about the exile, and they think theyve been ignored and abandoned by their God. Welshman, H. The Atonement Effected by the Servant. BT 23 (1973):46-49. Exhibit A is the fact that just as he promised through Isaiah (see Isa 13:17), hes raised up the Persians and Cyrus, their king, to topple Babylon, who took them into exile (see Isaiah 41:2-5, 41:25, 45:13). However, we know from reading the New Testament that when the incarnation actually happened, it caught everyone by surprise. It is Gods love that transforms us and empowers us to change. They go beyond the typical survival skills list, since what matters most is what lies in your head and in your heart. However, they now acknowledge that they couldnt have been more wrong (Isaiah 53:4-6). In this lesson, we are going to discuss about characteristics of the suffering servant according to Isaiah's prophecy which include: 1.He would be despised and rejected. God made this Servant a sin (guilt) offering for many, so that by their knowledge of him they might be justified. Hopefully youll re-read the four Servant Songs (or the whole book of Isaiah!) As the passage continues, we see that He is marred and disfigured (52:14). Thank you. (Isa 45:16-17, NIV), Do not fear, for you will not be ashamed;do not be discouraged, for you will not suffer disgrace;for you will forget the shame of your youth,and the disgrace of your widowhood you will remember no more. It is not nearly as elegant as Luke, for example, nor as thematically structured as Matthew. It means that he will live skillfully according to the plan of God so that he may be prosperous and have good success. It spoke to me. The Cross And Separation From The World (1 Peter 4:1-6), 7. That sounds awesome! The Servant will be exalted, be raised on high, will be very high. helpless race; This is the primary meaning of the text. But that realization would take belief and revelation. Christ did not need to say that He was the Suffering Servant because what He did and said made that clear. 3The Servant is divinely honored. And the pain brought spiritual healing and peacethat is, the suffering was redemptive. There are four passages in Isaiah that highlight this fifth major figure, which is mysteriously known simply as the Suffering Servant. Although the song gives a first-person description of how the servant was beaten and abused, here the servant is described both as teacher and learner who follows the path God places him on without pulling back. 53 speaks of the Servant's death for the sins of others, it is all the more vital to remember what Jesus did at the Last Supper. God chooses the Servant to bring about the transformation of the human race from the ways of sin to the ways of justice. 7:117; Ps. ), providing atonement for their evil. Williamson, W. G. M. Da`at in Isaiah 53:11. VT 28 (1978):118-122. It was Israel who rejected Gods servant, and they led him to his death and killed him (Isaiah 53:7-9). He acknowledges the call God has given to him from his birth and announces that the salvation of Israel is ordered not only to their own redemption, but indeed the deliverance of all nations. The Servant accepts vicarious and substitutionary suffering on behalf of his people (53:4-6, 12). Jesus Is Always Present in His Humanity: Maximally in the Eucharist, St. Joseph Shows Us the Love & Dignity of Work, The Real Marie Antoinette | feat. He reveals who he is through what he does. In contrast to human experience God reveals in his Servant that suffering is fruitful, that sacrifice is practical. Some in the history of the Church have done that, considering martyrdom, no matter how contrived, to be the highest good. We share the cause of pain in the world. In the Upper Room Jesus alluded to this passage by saying that the cup was His blood of the New Covenant poured out for many. That brought the remission of sins. 132 The significant theological ideas of this song make the many alternative suggestions for its meaning highly unlikely. There is no peace with God apart from the chastisement that he, the sinless Son of God, bore. Q. Just as there were many who were appalled at him his appearance was so disfigured beyond that of any human being and his form marred beyond human likeness so he will sprinkle many nations, and kings will shut their mouths because of him. In a world of discourse where the subtext is taken for granted, it can be presupposed and is most powerfully present when it is only alluded to, providing the allusions are appropriate. sieht er wird er satt ? ZAW 84 (1972):356-358. by Hans Goedicke. at the Synagogue in Nazareth (Lk. Jesus rebukes him Get behind me Satan, for you are not judging as God, but as men do (Mk. We have heard of Spirit-empowered leaders before in Isaiah, the messianic King from the line of David, described as the shoot from the stump of Jesse in Isaiah 11:1. Let earth adore, let angels minds The difference is that we have the opportunity to learn from their moral failures. Reider, Joseph. Lindsey, F. D. Isaiahs Songs of the Servant. Second, the mission involves suffering on behalf of another. They are: listening, empathy, healing, awareness, persuasion, conceptualization, foresight, stewardship, commitment to the growth of people, and building community. The Suffering Servant: Scapegoat or Example? Proceedings of the Irish Biblical Association 4 (1980):59-67. It was applied to Jesus. His life was filled with grief and sorrows, so that men turned away their faces from him. The Use of Isaiah 53 by Jesus and the Early Church. Indian Journal of Theology 20 (1971):117-22. Savant syndrome is a remarkable condition in which p eople with autism, or other serious mental handicaps, or major mental illness, have "islands of ability" or brilliance that stand out in stark contrast to their overall disability. While we were yet sinners, he died for us. Surely here passed into oblivion the fairest life that ever lived. Analyzes how john proctor's tragic flaw is too much pride, which eventually leads to his death. A Consideration of Difficulties in the Text of Isaiah 53:11. Bib Trans 17 (1966):27-31. And Christ shows us what that should look like. In reality, the servant was suffering and dying on behalf of Israels sin and unfaithfulness. Paul says in Philippians 4:4, 5 . It proves to be a power where every other moral force has failed. He left his fathers throne above, so free, so infinite his grace, God's honor is ultimate purpose of the servant's ministry, God's motivation for choosing and empower the servant. Clines, D. J. Jails are not usually a place of rejoicing but Paul, as a prisoner, rejoiced. Moses, David, Suffering ServantGod Himself, the great I Am!. The Golden Passional of the Old Testament. BibSac 94 (1934):211-232, 337-353. The Suffering Servant speaks his response to his mission in the Second oracle. The idea was that the exile would have chastened and purified Israel (as Isaiah spoke about in Isaiah 1) so that they would become a light to the nations (42:6) and unleash Gods justice into the world. Jesus, perfect Suffering Servant, You have made us whole again. 1:29). More civilized peoples have dealt more kindly with them; but sufferers remain a problem for philosophers and a severe test of the faith of religious people. This point then is that this Servant will prosper as God intends him to. Using military terminology Isaiah declares that the Lord will divide the spoil. If here the servant is the remnant that was suffering because of the sins of the whole nation, then the passage could only in general terms be applied, for their suffering did not redeem the nation, their suffering did not justify. We allow suffering in others or ourselves to blind us to the fact of the reasons and purposes for sufferings. Isaiah was included in the books of the Hebrew Bible that Jesus surveyed with his disciples after the resurrection, showing them that everything had been anticipated in the Torah, the prophets, and the Psalms (Luke 24:44-49). Through Scripture, story, and real-life applications, he brings together the primary models of atonement doctrine and offers an integrated vision for how Jesus offers the benefits of salvation to the world. of love divine. The first three verses give us an overview of the section: through the humiliation of suffering the Servant of the LORD will be exalted. Such positive behavioural characteristics can be assumed to pave the way for the emergence of positive, compassionate, and emotionally healthy organizations that . The first oracle presents the mission of this mysterious figure. Why do you say, Israel, My way is hidden from the Lord; my cause is disregarded by my God?". In other words, God would have to do this work through the Messiah, a holy King who could atone for the sins of His people and establish them in righteousness. Seedbed sells resources, but we give away far more in resourcing than we sell. Nevertheless, our LORD says that the world hated Him, and if it hated Him, it will hate us as well. Pp. The picture of the suffering of our Lord is nowhere more poignantly displayed than in the prophecy of Isaiah, Chapter 52:13-53:12. Isaiah, then, presents us with a picture of the ideal suffering Servant. She demands exact and unmerciful payment. Lord's help, but the people neither trust in him nor in the Lord. See, his reward is with him, and his recompense accompanies him. The prophet reports that the Servant was innocent. What is success? One by one they all failed to be faithful, so they did not inherit the fulfillment of the promise. He has a PhD in Semitic Languages and Biblical Studies. Gelston, A. Human experience feels it has found its highest and holiest form of love when the innocent is willing to take the blame for others. He will receive a threefold blessing of being raised and lifted up and highly exalted (52:13). The Poetic Language of the Mass | feat. MacRae, Allan. This was not the kind of Messiah they were expecting. Why does the Bible call it good news, and why should we? Young, Edward J. Weaknesses Job fell victim to his culture and thought his suffering must have a traceable cause. He also has a job to do among the Israelites themselves, who are as hardened to their God as ever. Click here to get yours free in your inbox each morning! You may have been disappointed in the love you received from your parents, or, if you are married, from your spouse. Experiencing the power, grace, and providence of their God should motivate the Israelites to become Gods servant who will bear witness to Gods justice and mercy before all of the nations. He comes to make right man's relationships to God, himself, his neighbor and the world, all of which have been disrupted by the first sin of Adam and Eve. Jesus shame on the cross and his everlasting glory are more closely interlinked than we fathom, as Isaiah promises. One essential character trait of the saved is faith. The Wake-Up Call is a daily encouragement to shake off the slumber of our busy lives and turn our eyes toward Jesus. Murray, H. An Approach to the Fourth Servant Song. Compass 13 (1979):43-46. He himself knew no sin, but suffered, the just for the unjust, that we, sinners, might become righteous before God. 5). However, now the story is more complex; he doesnt just have a job to do among the nations, as Isaiah 11 described. Sheffield: University of Sheffield Press, 1978. The apostle Peter also identifies the Suffering Servant with Jesus when he declares about Jesus that He committed no sin, and no deceit was found in his mouth (1 Peter 2:22, quoting Isa. If First Corinthians was a show, it might be slotted into the daytime melodrama genre. God would be exalted through humiliation. All rights reserved. Marred is mild. To paint a picture of the larger socio-theological context of the Servant Songs, here are a few of the many verses: All the makers of idols will be put to shame and disgraced; they will go off into disgrace together. Through the sacrificial offering of his life for the ransom of the many, God exalts him and pardons all those for whom he He has died. Komlosh, Yehuda. There was nothing about the servant that looked impressive or important (Isaiah 53:1-3). Emptied himself of all but love, and bled for Adams Nevertheless, God declares that suffering will be a part of the experience of the faithful believers in this world. If the third stanza confessed that it was for the sins of the people the Servant suffered, the fourth stanza declares that he himself was sinless, and yet silently submitted to all which injustice laid on him. We hate suffering and try to avoid it. Third, although the Servant will suffer and be rejected, he will, in the end, be exalted and vindicated. If we are to love one another in Christ, we must realize that it will cost something. Instead, God says hes going to do a new thing, hidden and unknown to you (48:6), and then, like a bolt out of the blue, we hear a new voice speak up in Isaiah 48:16: Behold, the sovereign Lord has sent me, endowed with his Spirit.. When Jesus came and began to heal the sick and cast out demons, the gospel of Matthew identifies Jesus with the Suffering Servant, who took our infirmities and bore our diseases (Matt. However, in Jesus Christ the fullness of Gods love is revealed. Regarding the importance of a subtext, Farmer writes in literary criticism, a subtext is one so well known that it is banal to cite it explicitly. The promised Savior as suffering servant (vv. The Career of the Servant in Isaiah 52:1353:12. BibSac 139 (1982):312-329; 140 (1983):21-39. Wesley summed up this amazing truth in his hymn And Can It Be?. Because he bore the sins of many, that is, because he made intercession for sinners in his self-sacrificing love, God appointed him to honor and glory. The servant is sent on a mission from God. it found out me! Hoerschelmann, Werner. The suffering of Jesus was vicarious in a way that no other has or ever could behe took our sins on himself and made full atonement for them. On MSHTY in the Qumran Scrolls. BASOR 134 (1954):27-28. While the death and resurrection is the climax of these prophetic passages, these aspects of the Suffering Servant were realizedin the Messiahs entire life. Isaiah told the exiles this would happen through the work of the Suffering Servant (52:1353:12). All of the great themes and figures in the Old Testament are brought together and fulfilled through the life and work of the Suffering Servant. The mission of Suffering Servant is to bring justice to the nations through the instruction for which the entire world is waiting. 53:9). Exhibit C is the downfall of Babylon itself, which is the focus in chapters 46-47. 4.He would be mocked and spat on. His death would play the role of a sacrificial guilt offering (remember Leviticus 5-6? Not only is his suffering vicariousit is voluntary. Success is knowing the will of God an doing it. If people at first make rash observations about the suffering of Gods Servant, they are soon led in their conscience to realize its purpose. Isaiah does refer to Israel as the Lord's servant, and this servant's vocation was to be righteous (44:1, 21; 45:4; 53:11; 60:3). The ancient barbarians simply got rid of sufferers in their societies. Achieving exaltation through suffering is a strange thing indeed. A. It was utterly a perversion of justice. 53:7). While Jesus saves remains the central claim of Christianity, the ensuing questionHow?demands attention. This is seen in the way Jesus treats the question of his identity as the Messiah. Therefore, the Suffering Servant stands in marked contrast to the human expectations of Jesus' contemporaries, whether they be His disciples or His enemies. Success with God may not include fame and fortune, health and happinessas the world knows them. At the conclusion of his public ministry, He gathers the disciples in the upper room for the Last Supper at which point He established the Holy Eucharist whereby His disciples would henceforth be able to understand the meaning of His entire life: that is on Good Friday, when He was to be crucified, God would speak his final and complete word about the meaning of love and the mystery of God to the human race. The Cross And Our Response to Trials (1 Peter 4:12-19), 8. What all vicarious suffering had failed to do in Israels experience, the suffering of our Lord accomplished. It properly describes a rare phenomenon or syndrome in which a person with a severe mental handicap displays genius-like ability in a narrow field or area. . Rather, it came about as a result of the Israelites idolatry and unfaithfulness (see Isaiah 43:22-28). 42:1-9; 49:1-13; 50:4-9; 52:13-53:12). 8:31-33). A little later, Jesus will repeat the same prophecy to them, but they will still refuse to hear what He is saying because they are too busy deciding who will be most important in the Kingdom (Mk. We may observe a Moses interceding for the sinful people, asking God to take his life so that wrath could be averted from those worshiping the golden calf. The suffering of our Lord corresponds to the letter with the picture Isaiah draws. 3) Jesus finished the work that God had sent Him to do ( John 17:4 ). Tenacity ("stick-to-it-ness") This, more than anything else, has beaten many a would-be . This piece was originally published in 2000 in Volume 8, Issue 3 of . Second, the mission involves suffering on behalf of another. 61:1ff.) Stone, Marvin A. What they did not realize, however, is that there was a deeper plan that they had not anticipated: namely, that God would reveal his greatest glory through suffering. This comes about from prayer, communion with God and trust in him. But it cannot remove sin. Because he is a prophet, the rest of his day is spent in speaking God's. Your email address will not be published. The Seed Team is a group of sowers who partner with Seedbed financially to help us sow more extravagantly. Devout Jews would have all been familiar with these themes. John Mark captures Jesus on the move. That the suffering is vicarious and redemptive is confessed by Israel in verse 6: All we like sheep have gone astray, we have turned everyone to his own way, and the LORD has laid on him the iniquity of us all. Peter explains that Christs death is a sample for us, that Christ suffered for us, leaving us an example that we follow in His steps (1 Pet. In the Mass we hear the priest quoting Jesus directly, when taking the cup filled with wine, He instituted the sacrament of the Holy Eucharist in anticipation of His sacrifice on Calvary: This is my blood, the blood of the new and everlasting covenant, it will be shed for you and for all so that sins may be forgiven; Do this in memory of me. The passage is divided into five stanzas of three verses each. Our mission is extravagant. 15:3 highlights the shedding of blood for the forgiveness of sins and Is. Phoenician Elements in Isaiah 52:1353:12. In Near Eastern Studies in Honor of W. F. Albright. Moreover, since the Lord's kingdom and the Davidic kingdom were to be one and the same as an eternal kingdom (2 Sam. him as a Suffering Servant (one who is obedient even unto death). Your email address will not be published. But thats not where the poem goes. You may have noticed that some of the descriptions of the suffering servant could apply to a leper, such as "his appearance was so disfigured beyond that of any human being and his form marred beyond human likeness" (Isaiah 52:14) and "he was despised and rejected by mankind, a man of suffering, and familiar with pain" (Isaiah 53:3). It is Gods love that transforms us and empowers us to change. The Servant became a suffering substitute for us. The servant of the Lord is sustained by the Lord. His beginnings were unlikely. 26:26-29), whose subtext is none other than Is. Prayer establishes a relationship between man and God. Only in the light of the Resurrection and after the outpouring of the Holy Spirit, whom during the Last Supper Jesus promised would instruct them in everything and remind them of all He had told them (Jn. It is the will of God that we demonstrate the same type of sacrificial love that he had. The theme announced in the first verse is now developed: the exaltation follows humiliation. He does not identify the Servant in his prophecy, but we who know the Lord Jesus Christ can see that it is He. Why was this Servant the unique sample of silence under suffering? in act 1, john has an affair with his servant, abigail williams. Now is the Son of man glorified. I have often wondered about the meaning of the verse in Philippians 4:5. For your Maker is your husband,theLordof hosts is his name. Did you find this entry helpful? He acknowledges the call God has given to him from his birth and announces that the salvation of Israel is ordered not only to their own redemption, but indeed the deliverance of all nations. Vindication from the sufferings and insults comes by way of divine elevation. Munich: Kaiser, 1974. The center of the poem is put in the mouths of a group called we, who tell the story of the servant. Of Whom Speaketh the Prophet This? WThJ 11 (1949):133-155. He gave his life in service to mankind. Explore Career Opportunites and Apply Here, BibleProject Resources in 55+ languages and counting, Hosea and Amos: Two Sides of Covenant Failure. Hoad, John. In fact, our Lord learned obedience through the things that He suffered; if that is true of the Son of God, how much more is it true of us? Vicarious suffering is not arbitrary or accidental; it comes with our growth, it is of the very nature of life. Required fields are marked *. They will face persecution in the dark days that lie ahead (described in Isaiah 56-59 and 63-65a), but ultimately they will inherit the new Jerusalem that God has in store (Isaiah 60-62). Jesus Himself identifies His mission as Suffering Servant by conforming Himself to what is described in the fourth oracle, Is. Yet, this is what led the apostle Paul to declare that he determined to know nothing while I was with you but Jesus Christ and him crucified (1 Cor. Zimmerli, W. Zur Vorgeschichte von Jes 53. Studien zur alttestamentliche Theologie und Prophetie. The Suffering Messiah and Isaiah 53 in the Light of Rabbinic Literature. Springfielder 39 (1976):177-182. 213-221. Up to now the servant has been Israel, the remnant, Cyrus, the prophet, and ultimately a prophecy of the Messiah. An indepth study of Isaiah 53: The Suffering "Righteous Servant" By Serge Lazar. As a disciple, his every day begins with obedient listening; he is in intimate communion with God, sharing God's own heart. He is an instrument of Gods salvation to all nations. World leaders offer a stunning confession: "Because of my people's sin, they [the Jews] were afflicted." Here the text makes absolutely clear that the oppressed Servant is a collective nation, not a single individual. Church hopped thru many denominations. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. 3.He would be treated harshly but submissively. Fr. 39; Hos. The overriding theme of the Gospel of Mark is that Jesus came to serve. Santala, Risto. But if we submit to Gods will and sacrifice self for others, or for the building up of the faith of others, we shall then be living out the love of Christ in this world, and please our heavenly Father. Jesus, Lord of all creation, Word of God in flesh made known; But, reading all four servant passages in the broader historical-literary contexts reveals much more. 3). struggle to complete his mission first appears vain and his striving fruitless, but he come to recognize that all depends on God that salvation is God's work, not his alone and that his faithfulness to his call will result in his glorification. Get your copy from our store here. This is the point the prophecy makes about the Servants sufferingsthey are practical. Yet the nation of Israel was unrighteous (1:120; Rom. Who can explore his If we are to bear one anothers burdens, it will mean that we will have to put ourselves out for others, to suffer with them, to give of our time, our talents, and our finances. For ages Israel did not believe such suffering was at the heart of Gods redemptive plan. First, the infamous questionWho is the servant, Israel or Jesus? But thats not what happened, and chapter 48 is wholly dedicated to making this point. But as we turn to Isaiah 40 we step into a new world of hope. Both clearly identify the "suffering servant" in Isaiah 53 as the nation of Israel, who suffered as a humiliated individual at the hands of the gentile nations. Tim Mackie is a writer and the Chief Education Officer for BibleProject. Therein is success with God. Conservative Christians, on the other hand, strongly argue against the Jewish interpretation of Isaiah 53 for a number of expected reasons. What we discover, however, is that Jesus fulfilled these roles in ways that were unexpected. 14:17).. Calvary was no accident (Acts 2:22-24). The earliest and most common moral judgment, which people pass on pain, is that which is implied in its namethat is penal. He was endowed with Gods Spirit seven times over (see Isa 11:1-3). Paul says that he made him to be sin (here, sin offering) for us that we might become righteous (here, justify) (2 Cor. They are Messianic prophecies of the coming perfect Servant. 6. Treves, Marco. His vindication is left in God's hands. But secondarily, it is also exemplary for all suffering that is accomplished for others. Exhibit B is the exile itself. He explains his mission and message through his actions. The Servant's Notify me of follow-up comments by email. Third, although the Servant will suffer and be rejected, he will, in the end, be exalted and vindicated. We hear about Gods servant that we were introduced to in chapters 48-49, and how God is going to lift him up high in exaltation by allowing him to be rejected and beaten. Here are three honor-shame facts about the servant of the Lord. 1:10-11). Payne, D. F. Recent Trends in the Study of Isaiah 53. IBS 1 (1979):3-18. On the one hand his beginnings were thought to be insignificant, and on the other hand his sufferings were offensive. The book of Isaiah was foundational for the early followers of Jesus and helped motivate their mission to bring good news to the nations (see Acts 13:47). Were told that God is going to send messengers with good news! All of this evidence should have an effect on Gods covenant people.

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