There is no record of the reason from the Council, and the main evidence is from Orderic Vitalis. [154], "William I" redirects here. In August and September 1079 King Malcolm of Scots raided south of the River Tweed, devastating the land between the River Tees and the Tweed in a raid that lasted almost a month. Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882), poet. William also required his newly created magnates to contribute fixed quotas of knights towards not only military campaigns but also castle garrisons. During the 17th and 18th centuries, some historians and lawyers saw William's reign as imposing a "Norman yoke" on the native Anglo-Saxons, an argument that continued during the 19th century with further elaborations along nationalistic lines. no trace to follow. [1][8][d] He was the only son of Robert I, son of Richard II. Valiant service during a 1066 expedition to England with William the Conqueror earned the Grays high position in political circles. The Vexin was a buffer state between Normandy and the lands of the French king, and Simon had been a supporter of William. merchant in Plymouth. [60], Count Herbert II of Maine died in 1062, and William, who had betrothed his eldest son Robert to Herbert's sister Margaret, claimed the county through his son. life and of her heroic death will long illuminate the pages of one of the [112], The exact reason for the rebellion is unclear, but it was launched at the wedding of Ralph to a relative of Roger, held at Exning in Suffolk. After further military efforts, William was crowned king on Christmas Day, 1066, in London. William I[a] (c.1028[1] 9 September 1087), usually known as William the Conqueror and sometimes William the Bastard,[2][b] was the first Norman king of England, reigning from 1066 until his death in 1087. and the brawl that developed ended in a draw. There are a few like An early documented person was Anchetil de Greye - a vassal of William the Conqueror of Normandy (now part of France) and who accompan. This daughter later married William, lord of, Walter had two daughters. [72] Harold's claim to the throne was not entirely secure, as there were other claimants, perhaps including his exiled brother Tostig. William was crowned King of England on December 25, 1066. The king marched through Edwin's lands and built Warwick Castle. Regarding the Grays of Scotland being of the same family, Nesbits says, accession of James I, 1603. With a swift campaign, William seized Le Mans from Fulk's forces, completing the campaign by 30 March 1073. Medieval chroniclers frequently referred to 11th-century events only by the season, making more precise dating impossible. [14] After his accession, Robert continued Norman support for the English princes Edward and Alfred, who were still in exile in northern France. if you have any questions, please e-mail Rodney Gray at "wyarg 'at' juno dot com". They were among the Pilgrims of New England, the Quakers There were probably other reasons for William's delay, including intelligence reports from England revealing that Harold's forces were deployed along the coast. Although the chronicler William of Poitiers claimed that Edward's succession was due to Duke William's efforts, this is highly unlikely, as William was at that time practically powerless in his own duchy. [i] The marriage nevertheless went ahead some time in the early 1050s,[43][j] possibly unsanctioned by the pope. followed by that of her father, the Duke of Suffolk, and his brothers, [22] Yet another guardian, Osbern, was slain in the early 1040s in William's chamber while the duke slept. He also allowed his son Robert Curthose to do homage to the new Count of Anjou, Geoffrey the Bearded. Owain received 10,000 marks (L6,666) ransom for him. [30], William's next efforts were against Guy of Burgundy, who retreated to his castle at Brionne, which William besieged. Next, he led his forces around the south and west of London, burning along the way. Roger was unable to leave his stronghold in Herefordshire because of efforts by Wulfstan, the Bishop of Worcester, and thelwig, the Abbot of Evesham. At first, Alan of Brittany had custody of the duke, but when Alan died in either late 1039 or October 1040, Gilbert of Brionne took charge of William. The exact events preceding the battle are obscure, with contradictory accounts in the sources, but all agree that William led his army from his castle and advanced towards the enemy. He was not known as a patron of authors, and there is little evidence that he sponsored scholarships or other intellectual activities. He marched to the River Tees, ravaging the countryside as he went. He died in early July at Nicea, on his way back to Normandy. of the same family, which had emigrated to this country and made their [139], William's grave is currently marked by a marble slab with a Latin inscription dating from the early 19th century. William placed supporters in charge of these new fortifications among them William Peverel at Nottingham and Henry de Beaumont at Warwick. by purchase from the Indians. Wikimedia Commons. It was said that Walter, William's maternal uncle, was occasionally forced to hide the young duke in the houses of peasants,[23] although this story may be an embellishment by Orderic Vitalis. In 1047, William was able to quash a rebellion and begin to establish his authority over the duchy, a process that was not complete until about 1060. [31] To address the growing power of the Count of Anjou, Geoffrey Martel,[32] William joined with King Henry in a campaign against him, the last known cooperation between the two. Mrs Thomas Houghton (Born 1551) 5775 People 13 Records 25 Sources. The Norman sources do not dispute the fact that Harold was named as the next king, but they declare that Harold's oath and Edward's earlier promise of the throne could not be changed on Edward's deathbed. Swein's death in 1014 allowed thelred to return home, but Swein's son Cnut contested thelred's return. Although Alexander did give papal approval to the conquest after it succeeded, no other source claims papal support prior to the invasion. Lord John and Lord Thomas Gray. [73], William of Poitiers describes a council called by Duke William, in which the writer gives an account of a great debate that took place between William's nobles and supporters over whether to risk an invasion of England. The youngest son, Henry, received money. "They built castles far and wide, oppressing the unhappy people", wept the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle for 1066. [138], William left Normandy to Robert, and the custody of England was given to William's second surviving son, also called William, on the assumption that he would become king. William's biographer David Bates argues that the former explanation is more likely, explaining that the balance of power had recently shifted in Wales and that William would have wished to take advantage of the changed circumstances to extend Norman power. [94] But the families of Harold and his brothers lost their lands, as did some others who had fought against William at Hastings. Harold, perhaps to secure the support of Edwin and Morcar in his bid for the throne, supported the rebels and persuaded King Edward to replace Tostig with Morcar. It was during this exile that Edward offered the throne to William. In the 1050s and early 1060s, William became a contender for the throne of England held by the childless Edward the Confessor, his first cousin once removed. He decisively defeated and killed Harold at the Battle of Hastings on 14 October 1066. [144] In the years since the Conquest, politicians and other leaders have used William and the events of his reign to illustrate political events throughout English history. [93], William remained in England after his coronation and tried to reconcile the native magnates. [38] William met the invasion by dividing his forces into two groups. [87] The available sources are more confused about events in the afternoon, but it appears that the decisive event was Harold's death, about which differing stories are told. [77] The Norman fleet finally set sail two days later, landing in England at Pevensey Bay on 28 September. [78] William of Poitiers also relates that the duke obtained the consent of Pope Alexander II for the invasion, along with a papal banner. Rhode Island. Sam Some appear to have been reluctant to take up lands in a kingdom that did not always appear pacified. This could have been either the Gytha Thorkelsdttir, Harold's mother, offered the victorious duke the weight of her son's body in gold for its custody, but her offer was refused. [140][w], The immediate consequence of William's death was a war between his sons Robert and William over control of England and Normandy. The early castles were simple earth and timber constructions, later replaced with stone structures. Modern historians have come to the conclusion that the New Forest depopulation was greatly exaggerated. In 1066, following the death of Edward the Confessor, William invaded England, leading an army of Normans to victory over the Anglo-Saxon forces of Harold Godwinson at the Battle of Hastings, and suppressed subsequent English revolts in what has become known as the Norman Conquest. William gave generously to the church;[56] from 1035 to 1066, the Norman aristocracy founded at least twenty new monastic houses, including William's two monasteries in Caen, a remarkable expansion of religious life in the duchy. William was the son of the Norman Duke Robert the Magnificent and the unnamed daughter of a tanner. [2] William returned to England in December 1067 and marched on Exeter, which he besieged. King Philip of France later relieved the siege and defeated William at the Battle of Dol in 1076, forcing him to retreat back to Normandy. Eventually, the clergy of Rouen arranged to have the body sent to Caen, where William had desired to be buried in his foundation of the Abbaye-aux-Hommes. There were farmers, fishermen and tradesmen. [2] She later married Herluin de Conteville, with whom she had two sons Odo of Bayeux and Count Robert of Mortain and a daughter whose name is unknown. of Pennsylvania and the early settlers of Virginia and other southern states. in the Reign of William the Conqueror, are the Amoreal bearings of Paganus was too old to go to war, but he used his extensive farm and fortune to [20], The anarchy in the duchy lasted until 1047,[21] and control of the young duke was one of the priorities of those contending for power. Family visits Group . [146], William and his wife Matilda had at least nine children. To deal with Norman affairs, William put the government of Normandy into the hands of his wife for the duration of the invasion. as town clerk and in other capacities. The fleet carried an invasion force that included, in addition to troops from William's own territories of Normandy and Maine, large numbers of mercenaries, allies, and volunteers from Brittany, northeastern France, and Flanders, together with smaller numbers from other parts of Europe. Then the king returned to Normandy late in 1068. Also, in England, no other coinage was allowed, while on the continent other coinage was considered legal tender. The union was arranged in 1049, but Pope Leo IX forbade the marriage at the Council of Rheims in October 1049. He was crowned the Duke in 1035 and over the years made himself the mightiest noble in France, later seizing the English throne in 1066. William I ruled England from 1066 until his death in 1087. de Gray, (III) John from whom the most illustrious branches of the house At an early period there were also Grays [v], At Christmas 1085, William ordered the compilation of a survey of the landholdings held by himself and by his vassals throughout his kingdom, organised by counties. Harold assembled an army and a fleet to repel William's anticipated invasion force, deploying troops and ships along the English Channel for most of the summer. Some of the native abbots were also deposed, both at the council held near Easter and at a further one near Whitsun. the private press of Frederick Arthur Crisp, Grove Park, Denmark Hill, David Gray of Tiverton was captured by the British during the war and Another concern was the death of Count Baldwin VI of Flanders in July 1070, which led to a succession crisis as his widow, Richilde, was ruling for their two young sons, Arnulf and Baldwin. His reign in England was marked by the construction of castles, settling a new Norman nobility on the land, and change in the composition of the English clergy. During his childhood and adolescence, members of the Norman aristocracy battled each other, both for control of the child duke, and for their own ends. A further blow was the death of Queen Matilda on 2 November 1083. The snub may not have been deliberate: he might have . repeated in mixed company." The Dorset Grays are of great antiquity, Born around 1028, William was the illegitimate son of Duke Robert I of Normandy, and Herleve (also known as Arlette), daughter of a tanner in Falaise. Edward, baptized April 15, 1623 (no further mention). 863 related objects. Conan's death in 1066 further secured William's borders in Normandy. It is unclear what exactly happened at Edward's deathbed. Waltham Abbey, which had been founded by Harold, later claimed that his body had been secretly buried there. money from Benjamin Franklin for passage home. William of Poitiers wrote glowingly of William's reign and its benefits, but the obituary notice for William in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle condemns William in harsh terms. William also appointed deputies who could make decisions while he was absent, especially if the absence was expected to be lengthy. Robert was accused by some writers of killing Richard, a plausible but now unprovable charge. [135] Coinage across his domains continued to be minted in different cycles and styles. [58] William was the grandson of Edward's maternal uncle, Richard II of Normandy. [61] By 1050, however, relations between the king and the earl had soured, culminating in a crisis in 1051 that led to the exile of Godwin and his family from England. According to the historian David Bates, this probably means that little of note happened, and that because William was on the continent, there was nothing for the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle to record. His One story implicates Earl Godwin of Wessex in Alfred's subsequent death, but others blame Harold. of the duke of Suffolk, with Mary, daughter of Henry VII and the sister Learn about the history of this surname and heraldry from our database and online image library. Although Odo remained in confinement for the rest of William's reign, his lands were not confiscated. Fulbert was also William the Conqueror's Great Chamberlain. in Northumberland. Norsemen first began raiding in what became Normandy in the late 8th century. of a series of incidents that brought about the Boston Massacre later that came to the rope makers shop where Sam worked and asked for a job. Ralph also requested Danish aid. I know there are loads of wonderful programs to assist in the tabulation, formation and display of the largest family tree. issue has continued in Scotland." The first, which he led, faced Henry. They were John, Elizabeth, Edward, Sarah, Thomas and Rebecca. [114] Roger and Waltheof were kept in prison, where Waltheof was executed in May 1076. [97], Early in 1069, Edgar the theling rose in revolt and attacked York. [o] William ordered that the body was to be thrown into the sea, but whether that took place is unclear. Aug 29, 2018. Henry attempted to dislodge William, but the siege of Thimert dragged on for two years until Henry's death. February 12, 1621. Life dates 1025-1087. all apparently descended from one parent stock and one origin. Although Simon was a supporter of William, the Vexin was actually under the overlordship of King Philip, which is why Philip secured control of the county when Simon became a monk. Although some sort of formal assembly probably was held, it is unlikely that any debate took place, as the duke had by then established control over his nobles, and most of those assembled would have been anxious to secure their share of the rewards from the conquest of England. [133][u] Government was still centred on William's household; when he was in one part of his realms, decisions would be made for other parts of his domains and transmitted through a communication system that made use of letters and other documents. William and Malcolm agreed to peace by signing the Treaty of Abernethy, and Malcolm probably gave up his son Duncan as a hostage for the peace. Gray Family History. . [109] William's ability to leave England for an entire year was a sign that he felt that his control of the kingdom was secure. But after he was killed in February 1071 at the Battle of Cassel, Robert became count. (Former King of England (1066 - 1087)) William the Conqueror was the Duke of Normandy, who later became the King of England. diverse branches. Although William returned to York and built another castle, Edgar remained free, and in the autumn he joined up with King Sweyn. [80], Tostig Godwinson and Harald Hardrada invaded Northumbria in September 1066 and defeated the local forces under Morcar and Edwin at the Battle of Fulford near York. told him what kind of work he could do "in language that can't be They eventually Burkes Peerage says: "The family of Gray is of great antiquity [68] Meanwhile, another contender for the throne had emerged Edward the Exile, son of Edmund Ironside and a grandson of thelred II, returned to England in 1057, and although he died shortly after his return, he brought with him his family, which included two daughters, Margaret and Christina, and a son, Edgar the theling. He did not try to integrate his domains into one empire but continued to administer each part separately. By 1060, following a long struggle to establish his throne, his hold on Normandy was secure. [94] Both men were also named to earldoms fitzOsbern to Hereford (or Wessex) and Odo to Kent. As early as 1622, two brothers, Thomas and John He died in September 1087 while leading a campaign in northern France, and was buried in Caen. By far the most disturbing fact . English resistance had also begun, with Eadric the Wild attacking Hereford and revolts at Exeter, where Harold's mother Gytha was a focus of resistance. He left his half-brother Odo, the Bishop of Bayeux, in charge of England along with another influential supporter, William fitzOsbern, the son of his former guardian. Ecclesiastical offices continued to be held by the same bishops as before the invasion, including the uncanonical Stigand. In 1402 Owain, This tomb was again destroyed during the French Revolution but was eventually replaced with the current ledger stone. In England and Ireland Grey is still used, in Scotland The Grays were closely allied with the Royal house of England and were His conquest had major implications for the history of both regions, from displacing much of the pre-Conquest Anglo-Saxon nobility to reshaping the English language.. William's early life. Others have viewed him as an enemy of the English constitution, or alternatively as its creator. Robert raided into Lothian and forced Malcolm to agree to terms, building a fortification (the 'new castle') at Newcastle upon Tyne while returning to England. By 1509 an Edward Grey was one of only three remaining powerful The ceremony took place in Westminster. In the Department of Haute-Saone, there is now a town [12], Robert I succeeded his elder brother Richard III as duke on 6 August 1027. Tostig went into exile in Flanders, along with his wife Judith, who was the daughter of Baldwin IV, Count of Flanders. William the Conqueror and his son Robert, 1865 (Credit: John Cassell). More difficulties struck in 1083 when William's son Robert rebelled once more with support from the French king. Emma went into exile in Flanders until Harthacnut became king following Harold's death in 1040, and his half-brother Edward followed Harthacnut to England; Edward was proclaimed king after Harthacnut's death in June 1042. Robert and Pardon who left a record for all to see. [71], Harold was crowned on 6 January 1066 in Edward's new Norman-style Westminster Abbey, although some controversy surrounds who performed the ceremony. He took part in church councils and made several appointments to the Norman episcopate, including the appointment of Maurilius as Archbishop of Rouen. Descendants This lone relic was reburied in 1642 with a new marker, which was replaced 100 years later with a more elaborate monument. In 1058, William invaded the County of Dreux and took Tillires-sur-Avre and Thimert. While seizing Mantes, William either fell ill or was injured by the pommel of his saddle. The remaining earls Edwin (of Mercia), Morcar (of Northumbria), and Waltheof (of Northampton) were confirmed in their lands and titles. Earlier dukes had been illegitimate, and William's association with his father on ducal charters appears to indicate that William was considered Robert's most likely heir. By 1060, following a long struggle to establish his throne, his hold on Normandy . [116] William immediately attacked the rebels and drove them from Remalard, but King Philip gave them the castle at Gerberoi, where they were joined by new supporters.

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