[330] Squash was brought to the country by members of the British army, with the first competition being held in 1939. [18][28] Melayu then became associated with Srivijaya,[22] and remained associated with various parts of Sumatra, especially Palembang, where the founder of the Malacca Sultanate is thought to have come from. Customers are connected to electricity through the National Grid. [56] On 31 August 1957, Malaya became an independent member of the Commonwealth of Nations. [122] However, after the encroachment of Chinese ships in Malaysian territorial waters,[123] and breach of airspace by their military aircraft, Malaysia has become active in condemning China. [73] Malaysia signed the UN treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons. The Refugee Employment and Employability Initiative builds on the momentum associated with supporting refugees from Ukraine to accelerate system-wide global support from employers for refugees that extends across conflict contexts. While significant, Malaysias productivity growth over the past 25 years has been below thatof several global and regional comparators. [285][286], In 2021, the principal cause of death among Malaysian adults was coronary artery disease, representing 17% of the medically certified deaths in 2020being followed by pneumonia; which accounted for 11% of the deaths. [173] It is estimated to contain 20percent of the world's animal species. Global data and statistics, research and publications, and topics in poverty and development, Malaysia: Leveraging Knowledge for Development, The World Banks digital platform for live-streaming, Environmental and Social Policies for Projects, International Development Association (IDA), About the World Bank Group Global Knowledge and Research Hub in Malaysia, Unleashing Sustainable Finance in Southeast Asia, Connecting Malaysias Islamic and Sustainable Finance to the World, The Global Green Finance Leadership Program 2022, Aiming High - Navigating the Next Stage of Malaysias Development. [242], The population is concentrated on Peninsular Malaysia,[243] where 20million out of approximately 28million Malaysians live. [223] Football is the most popular sport in Malaysia. [90] However, it fell 18 places the following year due to the policies of the Perikatan Nasional government. East Malaysia shares land and maritime borders with Brunei and Indonesia, and a maritime border with the Philippines and Vietnam. [161] The range is the origin of some of Peninsular Malaysia's river systems. Located in the tropics, Malaysia is one of 17 megadiverse countries, home to numerous endemic species . Malaysia is one of the most open economies in the world with a trade to GDP ratio averaging over 130%since 2010. [47][75] Parliamentary elections are held at least once every five years,[47] the most recent of which took place in May 2018. Each state has its own written constitution. In Sabah and Sarawak districts are grouped into divisions. [47] The parliament follows a multi-party system and the government is elected through a first-past-the-post system. ", "Current healthcare expenditure (% of GDP) - Malaysia", "Life expectancy at birth, total (years) - Malaysia", "Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) - Malaysia", "Fertility rate, total (births per woman) - Malaysia", "Birth rate, crude (per 1000 people) - Malaysia", "Death rate, crude (per 1,000 people) - Malaysia", "Statistics on Causes of Death, Malaysia 2021", "TRAFFIC FATALITY CAUSES AND TRENDS IN MALAYSIA", "Smoking in Malaysia: Main issues and ways to overcome", "Malay groups want vernacular schools abolished", "Ethno-racial marginality in West Malaysia: The case of the Peranakan Hindu Melaka or Malaccan Chitty community", "Cultural Tourism Promotion and policy in Malaysia", "Lipton urges Malaysians to take pride in the tarik, our national beverage", "Far Eastern cuisine: Fancy a Malaysian? [161] Malaysian Chinese celebrate festivals such as Chinese New Year and others relating to traditional Chinese beliefs. [39] However, in the late 1990s, the Asian financial crisis almost caused the collapse of the currency and the stock and property markets, although they later recovered. [151][152][153], The death penalty is in use for serious crimes such as murder, terrorism, drug trafficking, and kidnapping,[154][155] but in June 2022, Malaysian law minister Wan Junaidi pledged to abolish the capital punishment and replace it with other punishments at the discretion of the court. The country's official language is Malaysian Malay, a standard form of the Malay language. East Malaysia, on the island of Borneo, has a coastline of 2,607km (1,620mi). [235][236] There are also indigenous or aboriginal groups in much smaller numbers on the peninsular, where they are collectively known as the Orang Asli. But navigating the next stage of development will require bold measures and tough reforms.. The bicameral federal parliament consists of the lower house, the House of Representatives and the upper house, the Senate. [71] The head of state is the King, whose official title is the Yangdi-PertuanAgong. [47] Although the judiciary is theoretically independent, its independence has been called into question and the appointment of judges lacks accountability and transparency. The British obtained the town of Singapore in 1819,[48] and in 1824 took control of Malacca following the Anglo-Dutch Treaty. [102] There are 154 local authorities, consisting of 14 city councils, 38 municipal councils and 97 district councils. A global symposium forDevelopment Finance Institutions (DFIs)was successfully held andattended bymore than 500 participants. Malaysia also has a special court to hear cases brought by or against royalty. The head of state is an elected monarch, chosen from among the nine state sultans every five years. ; Zainuddin, N. and Chan, H.T. [156], Malaysia is the 66th largest country by total land area, with a land area of 329,613km2 (127,264sqmi). [100] The federal constitution puts local authorities outside of the federal territories under the exclusive jurisdictions of the state government,[101] although in practice the federal government has intervened in the affairs of state local governments. Data and research help us understand these challenges and set priorities, share knowledge of what works, and measure progress. [65] The scandal contributed to the first change in the ruling political party since independence in the 2018 general election. [176][177] Some of its waters are in the Coral Triangle, a biodiversity hotspot. [240], Sometimes food not found in its original culture is assimilated into another; for example, Chinese restaurants in Malaysia often serve Malay dishes. From a large scale, macroeconomic standpoint, Malaysia's economy is actually growing at a better rate than many developed countries. The 13 states are based on historical Malay kingdoms, and 9 of the 11 Peninsular states, known as the Malay states, retain their royal families. [166] Besides rainforests, there are over 1,425km2 (550sqmi) of mangroves in Malaysia,[163] and a large amount of peat forest. [227] The other two electric utility companies in the country are Sarawak Energy and Sabah Electricity. [190] It has the world's 36th-largest economy by nominal GDP and the 31st-largest by PPP. After independence, the Malaysian GDP grew at an average rate of 6.5% per annum for almost 50 years. [339][340], Coordinates: 2N 112E / 2N 112E / 2; 112. [312] As a result of this, East Malaysia region of Sarawak launched TV Sarawak as internet streaming beginning in 2014, and as TV station on 10 October 2020[313] to overcome the low priority and coverage of Peninsular-based media and to solidify the representation of East Malaysia. Countries whose HDI score falls below that are classified as developing, least-developed, or (informally) underdeveloped. [262][263] The National Language Act 1967 specifies the Latin (Rumi) script as the official script of the national language, but does not prohibit the use of the traditional Jawi script. [253] The jurisdiction of Syariah courts is limited to Muslims in matters such as marriage, inheritance, divorce, apostasy, religious conversion, and custody among others. To fully realize its human potential and fulfil the countrys aspiration of achievingthehigh-income and developed country status, Malaysia will need toadvancefurther in education, health and nutrition, andsocial protection outcomes. Literature written in Malay was called "the national literature of Malaysia", literature in other bumiputera languages was called "regional literature", while literature in other languages was called "sectional literature". [64] The 1MDB scandal was a major global corruption scandal that implicated then-Prime Minister Najib Razak in 2015. [186] Most remaining forest is found inside reserves and national parks. [118], Malaysia's foreign policy is officially based on the principle of neutrality and maintaining peaceful relations with all countries, regardless of their political system. [219] Malaysia's flag carrier is Malaysia Airlines, providing international and domestic air services. A high number of endemic bird species are also found in Malaysian Borneo. Every citizen is issued a biometric smart chip identity card known as MyKad at the age of 12, and must carry the card at all times. ", "Launching of report on the key findings population and housing census of Malaysia 2020", "PRESS STATEMENT: Malaysia a secular state", "Department of Statistics Malaysia Official Portal", "Malaysia Christians pray for peace, equality, freedom - UCA News", "Malaysia moving forward in matters of Islam and women by Marina Mahathir", "Mahathir regrets govt focussing too much on Bahasa", "The history of Bahasa Melayu / Malaysia: The language of the Malay(sian) people", "Sarawak makes English official language along with BM", "Sarawak to recognise English as official language besides Bahasa Malaysia", "Sarawak adopts English as official language", "Language Log: Malaysia cracks down on "salad language", "Dewan Bahasa champions use of BM in ads", "Ethnologue report for Malaysia (Peninsular)", "The Chinese language in the Asian diaspora: A Malaysian experience", "Malaysian Tamils and Tamil Linguistic Culture", "Financing Universal Coverage in Malaysia: a case study", "Health care delivery in Malaysia: changes, challenges and champions", "Medical tourism in Malaysia: how can we better identify and manage its advantages and disadvantages? [62] After the riots, the controversial New Economic Policy was launched by Prime Minister Tun Abdul Razak, trying to increase the share of the economy held by the bumiputera. [189], Malaysia is a relatively open state-oriented and newly industrialised market economy. [120][121], The Spratly Islands are disputed by many states in the area, and a large portion of the South China Sea is claimed by China. [299], Traditional Malay music and performing arts appear to have originated in the Kelantan-Pattani region with influences from India, China, Thailand, and Indonesia. By informal agreement the position is rotated among the nine,[71] and has been held by Abdullah of Pahang since 31 January 2019. [161] 250 reptile species have been recorded in the country, with about 150 species of snakes[175] and 80 species of lizards. [223] Fresh water is available to over 95% of the population, with ground water accounting for 90% of the freshwater resources. [157] Due to the rise in labour-intensive industries,[244] the country is estimated to have over 3million migrant workers; about 10 per cent of the population. We provide a wide array of financial products and technical assistance, and we help countries share and apply innovative knowledge and solutions to the challenges they face. [116] It has chaired ASEAN, the OIC, and the NAM in the past. Conducted numerous capacity buildingsessions,notablyMacro-Econometric Modeling workshops for MOF,technical workshopson the Long-Term Growth Model foreconomists and policy makers ingovernment, and seminars with academia to build a robust communityof policymakers. Peninsular Malaysia is dominated by its mountainous core, which consists of a number of roughly parallel mountain ranges aligned north-south. [184] Some state governments are now trying to counter the environmental impact and pollution created by deforestation;[182] and the federal government is trying to cut logging by 10percent each year. Putrajaya is the administrative center, which represents the seat of both the executive branch (the Cabinet, federal ministries, and agencies) and the judicial branch of the federal government. With 189 member countries, staff from more than 170 countries, and offices in over 130 locations, the World Bank Group is a unique global partnership: five institutions working for sustainable solutions that reduce poverty and build shared prosperity in developing countries. [86][87][88], After the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) lost power at the 2018 Malaysian general election, Malaysia's ranking increased by 9 places in the 2019 Democracy Index to 43th compared to the previous year, and is classified as a 'flawed democracy'. The Islamic judges are expected to follow the Shafi'i legal school of Islam, which is the main madh'hab of Malaysia. The other four states, which have titular Governors, do not participate in the selection. The King is elected by and from the nine rulers to serve a five-year term. The name Malaysia is a combination of the word Malays and the Latin-Greek suffix -ia/-[16] which can be translated as 'land of the Malays'. [39][d] One theory posits the name was chosen so that si represented the inclusion of Singapore, North Borneo, and Sarawak to Malaya in 1963. [35] In modern terminology, Malay remains the name of an ethnoreligious group of Austronesian people predominantly inhabiting the Malay Peninsula and portions of the adjacent islands of Southeast Asia, including the east coast of Sumatra, the coast of Borneo, and smaller islands that lie between these areas. [251][252], Sunni Islam of Shafi'i school of jurisprudence is the dominant branch of Islam in Malaysia,[253][254] while 18% are nondenominational Muslims. [83] These policies provide preferential treatment to bumiputera in employment, education, scholarships, business, and access to cheaper housing and assisted savings. Convened 50 government officials fromeightSoutheast Asian countries for a technical workshop for the Planning Community of Practiceonoperationalizingnational economic planning. To download the report, visit https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/35095. [209], The country has developed into a centre of Islamic banking, and has the highest numbers of female workers in that industry. The Malayan Emergency (19481960) involved a long anti-insurgency campaign by Commonwealth troops in Malaya. [271] Peninsular Malaysia contains speakers of 41 of these languages. Malaysia's economy has been transformed since 1970 from one based primarily on the export of raw materials (rubber and tin) to one that is among the strongest, most diversified, and fastest-growing in Southeast Asia.

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