Thousands from seceding states, including slaves where the opportunity arose, also chose to fight for the Union. documents The Indian Removal Act called for the "voluntary or forcible removal of all Indians . ________________________________________VIRGINIA the people of Alabama to meet the slaveholding States of the South, who may His election caused the first seven states to secede and form the Confederacy. If it was mistaken, then so am I, but it was my understanding that the early versions of the southern cross were already being introduced as the southern states began seceding. In addition, Kathleen was a seasonal interpreter at Fredericksburg & Spotsylvania National Military Park from 2010-2014 and has worked on various other publications and projects. Despite these preliminary maneuvers, the convention that opened on the 7th included fewer diehard secessionists than in other Deep South state conventions. Passed January 19, 1861. The unorganized Indian Territory did not document secession and was not unanimous in its orientation, but generally supported the Confederacy. Stanchak, John E. (Patricia L. Faust ed. The controlling majority of the Federal Government, under various pretences and disguises, has so administered the same as to exclude the citizens of the Southern States, unless under odious and unconstitutional restrictions, from all the immense territory owned in common by all the States on the Pacific Ocean, for the avowed purpose of acquiring Public opinion had shifted dramatically, most notably in Middle Tennessee. Civil Discourse: A Blog of the Civil War Era. For the South, however, slavery was much more at the forefront. Census returns and other government documents, news- . to secede. In 1863 a Unionist government in western Virginia created a new state from 50 western counties which entered the Union as West Virginia. Later Virginia (except for its northwestern counties, which broke away and formed the Union-loyal state of West Virginia), Arkansas, North . And be it further resolved, That the The Ordinance of Secession, adopted on 1861 Jan. 11, is the document which declared "An Ordinance to dissolve the Union between the State of Alabama and other states united under the compact styled The Constitution of the United States of America.". "The ends for which the Constitution was framed are declared by itself to be "to form a more perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity." An Ordinance to dissolve the union between the State of Alabama and the other States united under the compact styled The Constitution of the United States of, Alabama was the fourth state to secede from the Union on January 11, 1861. And as it is the desire and purpose of is hereby withdrawn from the Union known as "the United States of America," and A geographic correlation existed between local prevalence of slavery[6] and support for secession. The governor sent a force to take the Fort Smith arsenal, and Arkansas regiments began organizing to fight for the South. Show your pride in battlefield preservation by shopping in our store. AN ORDINANCE to dissolve the union between the State of Louisiana and other States united with her under the compact entitled "The Constitution of the United States of America." Ended the Civil War in 1865. 2. Summary. Ordinance of Secession, adopted by the Alabama constitutional convention of 1861. South CarolinaMississippiFloridaAlabamaGeorgiaLouisianaTexasVirginiaArkansasNorth CarolinaTennesseeMissouriKentucky. Be it further declared and ordained by the people of the State of Alabama in Convention assembled, That all the powers over the Territory of said State, and over the people thereof, heretofore delegated to the Government of the United States of America, be and they are hereby withdrawn from said Government, and are hereby resumed and vested in the people of the State of Alabama. On January 11, 1861, a convention of elected delegates passed an ordinance withdrawing Alabama . Whereas, the Federal Constitution, which created the Government of the United States, was declared by the framers thereof to be the supreme law of the land, and was intended to limit and did expressly limit the powers of said Government to certain general specified purposes, and did expressly reserve to the States and people all other powers whatever, and the President and Congress have treated this supreme law of the Union with contempt and usurped to themselves the power to interfere with the rights and liberties of the States and the people against the expressed provisions of the Constitution, and have thus substituted for the highest forms of national liberty and constitutional government a central despotism founded upon the ignorant prejudices of the masses of Northern society, and instead of giving protection with the Constitution to the people of fifteen States of this Union have turned loose upon them the unrestrained and raging passions of mobs and fanatics, and because we now seek to hold our liberties, our property, our homes, and our families under the protection of the reserved powers of the States, have blockaded our ports, invaded our soil, and waged war upon our people for the purpose of subjugating us to their will; and Appomattox Courthouse. Then, this is the place where you can find sources which provide detailed information. Ultimately, eleven statesSouth Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Texas, Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolinapursued independence as part of the Confederacy. Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia,. ________________________________________MISSOURI SOUTH CAROLINA|MISSISSIPPI|FLORIDA|ALABAMA|GEORGIA|LOUISIANA|TEXAS|VIRGINIA|ARKANSAS|NORTH CAROLINA|TENNESSEE|MISSOURI|KENTUCKY, Secession Acts of the Thirteen Confederate States (Yale), SOUTH CAROLINA Alabama was the fourth state to secede from the Union on January 11, 1861. Only an even less influential rump convention purported to secede. The Civil War was not about slaveryhistorians hear this all the time, whether at historic sites, in the classroom, or in conversations with friends and strangers alike. After four days of debate, enough moderates had joined the secessionist camp to make the final vote 61 to 39. She earned her M.A. We, the people of the State of Tennessee, waiving any expression of opinion as to the abstract doctrine of secession, but asserting the right, as a . The letter was signed by Robert Jemison Jr. and thirty-two members of the 1861 secession convention. Many of these documents are very clear that slavery was central to their decision to leave the United States. Item Description 1861, Library of Congress Act I documents (Attached) (From "Alabama Will Secede," "Alabama Out of the Union," "The Secession Jubilee," and "Alabama's Ordinance of Secession." The first three are articles published in the Montgomery Advertiser. And be it further resolved, That the President of this Convention be, and he is hereby, instructed to transmit forthwith a copy of the foregoing Preamble, Ordinance, and Resolutions to the Governors of the several States named in said resolutions. As the secession movement grew, people in Arkansas became greatly concerned. Dr. Kathleen Logothetis Thompson graduated with her Ph.D. from West Virginia University in 2017. AN ORDINANCE. And as it is the desire and purpose of the people of Alabama to meet the slaveholding States of the South, who may approve such purpose, in order to frame a provisional as well as permanent Government upon the principles of the Constitution of the United States, 1861, at the city of Montgomery, in the State of Alabama, for the purpose of These are great resources to use in the classroomI do an exercise with these documents whenever I teach secession to my studentsbut also for those who want to engage in the practice of history and better understand the causes of secession. the people of the States of Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South This page was last edited on 29 December 2017, at 18:34. The demand was followed by an offer: I am instructed also to notify you, that you have the option to continue in command of the said revenue cutter, under the authority of the State of Alabama, in the exercise of the same duties that you have hitherto rendered to the United States, and at the same compensation, reporting to this office and to the Governor of the State. The captain accepted, and by months end, Alabamans had expelled most Federal personnel from their state. In this essay, the author. A rich new perspective on the events leading up to the Civil War and will prove an invaluable tool for understanding the central crisis in American politics. The convention adjourned on April 27, 1861. The "Secession Movement," political cartoon, ca. Done at Charleston the twentieth day of December, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty. We do further declare and ordain, That the State of Louisiana hereby resumes all rights and powers heretofore delegated to the Government of the United States of America; that her citizens are absolved from all allegiance to said Government; and that she is in full possession and exercise of all those rights of sovereignty which appertain to a free and independent State. Therefore we, the people of the State of Arkansas, in convention assembled, do hereby declare and ordain, and it is hereby declared and ordained, That the "ordinance and acceptance of compact" passed and approved by the General Assembly of the State of Arkansas on the 18th day of October, A.D. 1836, whereby it was by said General Assembly ordained that by virtue of the authority vested in said General Assembly by the provisions of the ordinance adopted by the convention of delegates assembled at Little Rock for the purpose of forming a constitution and system of government for said State, the propositions set forth in "An act supplementary to an act entitled `An act for the admission of the State of Arkansas into the Union, and to provide for the due execution of the laws of the United States within the same, and for other purposes,'" were freely accepted, ratified, and irrevocably confirmed, articles of compact and union between the State of Arkansas and the United States, and all other laws and every other law and ordinance, whereby the State of Arkansas became a member of the Federal Union, be, and the same are hereby, in all respects and for every purpose herewith consistent, repealed, abrogated, and fully set aside; and the union now subsisting between the State of Arkansas and the other States, under the name of the United States of America, is hereby forever dissolved. Prior to 1861, the people of Tennessee had resisted secessionist movements, believing that the Constitution and Union of the United States were beneficial and should be preserved. Wanted to withdraw from the Union immediately after Abraham Lincoln was elected. 4. Whereas, the election of Abraham Lincoln and Hannibal Hamlin Be it resolved by the people of Alabama in Convention assembled, That ________________________________________MISSISSIPPI Sec. by a sectional party, avowedly hostile to the domestic institutions and to the The remaining slave-holding states had to decide whether they would side with the Union against the South or secede and join the new Confederacyfour states decided to leave. Many were cooperationists who either leaned against seceding or favored a more moderate path out of the Union. Enter your email address to follow this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. . Printed document of the State of Texas' Declaration of Secession from the United States of America. AN ORDINANCE to repeal the ratification of the Constitution of the United State of America by the State of Virginia, and to resume all the rights and powers granted under said Constitution. The First American President: Setting the Precedent, African Americans During the Revolutionary War, Help Save 820 Acres at Five Virginia Battlefields, Save 343 Acres at FIVE Battlefields in FOUR Western Theater States, Save 42 Historic Acres at the Battle of Chancellorsville, Phase Three of Gaines Mill-Cold Harbor Saved Forever Campaign, An Unparalleled Preservation Opportunity at Gettysburg Battlefield. Tennessee's Ordinance of SecessionJune 8, 1861. Document: The Secession Acts of the 13 Confederate States. in history with a Certificate in Revolutionary Era Studies from Siena College in 2010. In Alabama's secession document it states the they are receding partially because they wanted to uphold the laws that promote slavery, where as Lincoln did not. WHEREAS, The Federal Government has failed to accomplish the purposes of the compact of union between these States, in giving protection either to the persons of our people upon an exposed frontier, or to the property of our citizens, and . An Ordinance of Secession was the name given to multiple resolutions[1] drafted and ratified in 1860 and 1861, at or near the beginning of the Civil War, by which each seceding Southern state or territory formally declared secession from the United States of America. Journals of the Secession Convention, 1861 Introductory Material January 1861 February 1861 March 1861 Appendices Title Page Prefatory note List of abbreviations Chronology Preface Justification for Convention Statement of Governor Houston Proposal to elect delegates Recommendations of delegates Alabama Series J. Winston County was populated at the time by what Alabama residents called "Hill people.". These acquisitions largely exceeded the original limits of the Republic. This act was passed by a rump legislature called into session in Neosho, Mo., by Gov. Compiled with the long-term conflicts that had accrued over the past decades, many Southerners perceived Lincoln as an abolitionist bent on destroying slavery and a president who only represented the interests of the North. Secession Ordinances of 13 Confederate States. With the capitals of the Confederacy and the Union only 100 miles apart, Virginia became the major battleground of the American Civil War. July 26, 2018. For the North, the primary objective of the Civil War was to preserve the Union and emancipation only became an official cause of the war with the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863. DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE AND ORDINANCE dissolving the federal relations between the State of Tennessee and the United States of America. Be it resolved by the people of Alabama in Convention assembled, That the people of the States of Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, Arkansas, Tennessee, Kentucky and Missouri, be and are hereby invited to meet the people of the State of Alabama, by their Delegates, in We, the people of the State of Louisiana, in convention assembled, do declare and ordain, and it is hereby declared and ordained, That the ordinance passed by us in convention on the 22d day of November, in the year eighteen hundred and eleven, whereby the Constitution of the United States of America and the amendments of the said Constitution were adopted, and all laws and ordinances by which the State of Louisiana became a member of the Federal Union, be, and the same are hereby, repealed and abrogated; and that the union now subsisting between Louisiana and other States under the name of "The United States of America" is hereby dissolved. Originally published serially in newspapers. While secession and the lead up to the Civil War were very complex, conflict over slavery was certainly central to the Souths decision to leave the Union. Both sides in the Civil War regarded these eleven states and territory as de facto seceding. Whereas, the election of Abraham Lincoln and Hannibal Hamlin to the offices of President and Vice President of the United States of America, by a sectional party, avowedly hostile to the domestic institutions and to the peace and security of the people of the State of Alabama, preceded by many and dangerous infractions of the Constitution of the United States by many of the States and people of the northern section, is a political wrong of so insulting and menacing a character as to justify the people of the State of Alabama in the adoption of prompt and decided measures for their future peace and security; therefore. Research materials are plentiful. A test vote resulted in 54 to 46 for secession. Whereas, the election of Abraham Lincoln and Hannibal Hamlin to the offices of president and vice-president of the United States of America, by a sectional party, avowedly hostile to the domestic institutions and to the peace and security of the people of the State of Alabama, preceded by many and dangerous infractions of the constitution of the United States by many of the States and people of the Northern section, is a political wrong of so insulting and menacing a character as to justify the people of the State of Alabama in the adoption of prompt and decided measures for their future peace and security, therefore: People of Alabama, in Convention assembled, Last edited on 29 December 2017, at 18:34, Ordinances and Constitution of the State of Alabama, The Constitution of the United States of America, https://en.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Alabama_Ordinance_of_Secession&oldid=7173462. ORDINANCE OF SECESSION States and people of the Northern section, is a political wrong of so insulting An act declaring the political ties heretofore existing between the State of Missouri and the United States of America dissolved. Alabama and Arkansas did go a little beyond pure legalese in discussing some issues but nothing like a declaration of causes. Articles of secession, adopted December 24, 1860. Resolved, By the people of Alabama, in Convention assembled That the State of Alabama cannot, and will not, submit to the Administration of Lincoln and Hamlin as President and Vice President of the United States, upon the principles referred to in the preamble. We do further ordain and declare, That all rights acquired and vested under the Constitution of the United States of America, or of any act or acts of Congress, or treaty, or under any law of this State, and not incompatible with this ordinance, shall remain in full force and effect, in nowise altered or impaired, and have the same effect as if this ordinance had not been passed. Alert at Mobile. One-stop destination for complete information on all trending topics related to Alabama state. We, the people of the State of Florida, in convention assembled, do solemnly ordain, publish, and declare, That the State of Florida hereby withdraws herself from the confederacy of States existing under the name of the United States of America and from the existing Government of the said States; and that all political connection between her and the Government of said States ought to be, and the same is hereby, totally annulled, and said Union of States dissolved; and the State of Florida is hereby declared a sovereign and independent nation; and that all ordinances heretofore adopted, in so far as they create or recognize said Union, are rescinded; and all laws or parts of laws in force in this State, in so far as they recognize or assent to said Union, be, and they are hereby, repealed. The first seven seceding states, all of the Deep South, were motivated mainly by two factors: the election in November 1860 of President Lincoln, who had no support among Southern voters, and the direct threat to slavery his election posed. Confederate States of America : Documents Declarations of Secession Georgia; January 29, 1861 Mississippi South Carolina; December 24, 1860 Texas; February 2, 1861 Messages and Papers of the Confederacy Constitution for the Provisional Government; February 8, 1861 While historians agree that slavery was a fundamental cause of the war and southern secession, many in the public still contest this historical interpretation. Four years of war ended the institution of slavery, altered the Virginia landscape, displaced families, and cost thousands their lives. Top of page ________________________________________LOUISIANA Adopted in convention at Baton Rouge this 26th day of January, 1861. Fugitive Slave Act 1850. To dissolve the Union between the State of Alabama and other States united under the compact styled " The Constitution of the United States of America ." Whereas, the election of Abraham Lincoln and Hannibal Hamlin to the . Sign up to receive the latest information on the American Battlefield Trust's efforts to blaze The Liberty Trail in South Carolina. Immediately after Abraham Lincoln (18091861) was elected President, in November, 1860, several Southern states took steps to secede from the Union. If you have trouble accessing this page and need to request an alternate format contact ehistory@osu.edu. Third. Ratified 23 Feb 1861 by a vote of 46,153 for and 14,747 against. They did so in order to protect the institution of slavery. Mississippi seceded from the United States on January 9, 1861. approve such purpose, in order to frame a provisional as well as permanent AN ORDINANCE to dissolve the union between the State of South Carolina and other States united with her under the compact entitled "The Constitution of the United States of America." All Texas laws and regulations must comply with the Constitution or risk being invalidated by the state courts. When Confederate armies invaded Kentucky in 1862, bringing extra arms to equip new volunteers, briefly seizing the state capital, and installing an ephemeral state government, local recruitment proved weak and Union forces soon decisively defeated the invasion. Adopted 20 Nov 1861, by a "Convention of the People of Kentucky". The document also calls for a convention of the slave states in order to determine the path in their own shared interests. 11 Jan. 1861. ). "Secession Acts of the Thirteen Confederate States." Secession Acts of the Thirteen Confederate States. Date:1861. Every purchase supports the mission.

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